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Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010The objective of this policy note is to
 examine the gender dimension of the Egyptian labor market,
 with a focus on identifying the scope for policies to
 improve female labor force participation. An update to the
 Egypt gender assessment report of 2003, it is envisioned as
 a contribution to programmatic work on gender and inclusion
 in Egypt, helping build evidence which can inform policy
 aimed at improving the participation and retention of women
 in the labor force. Analytical and investigative in nature,
 it is the hope that this note will motivate discussion and
 debate among stakeholders in the country. The questions to
 be addressed in the note are also relevant for policy
 discussions and Bank operations in other countries,
 especially those in the Middle East North Africa (MENA)
 region where females face similar challenges to labor force
 participation. Besides laying out the underlying correlates
 of gender gaps in these areas, the report recommended a
 comprehensive list of 'strategic interventions' by
 sector for the government and other development actors, in
 areas such as investment in women's education, the
 re-examination of certain discriminatory provisions in the
 country's legal system, and the promotion of cultural
 norms that value women as equal partners to men. In the
 sphere of women's economic opportunities, the report
 pinpointed vulnerabilities such as high unemployment rates
 (particularly among the more educated), and a
 disproportionate dependence on an already shrinking public
 sector. Highlighting the need for creating productive and
 sustainable jobs for women in the private sector, the report
 suggested initiatives such as increasing women's access
 to training, technology, land, credit and information.
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Reclaiming their Voice : New Perspectives From Young Women and Men in Upper EgyptThis study examines the demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural circumstances of young men and young women (aged 15-29) in Upper Egypt. Where appropriate, comparison is made with the rest of the country. It explores the perceptions of young men and women regarding the challenges and opportunities they face as they attempt to gain access to education, employment, services, and civic engagement. More broadly, the study explores their views on the factors that facilitate or limit their inclusion in the society and economy of Upper Egypt. This report focuses on two main transitions of young Upper Egyptians: the transition from school to work, and the transition to active citizenship and civic engagement. The study also briefly considers young people's engagement in the January 25th Revolution and their aspirations for the future in its aftermath. It concludes by offering recommendations for youth-inclusive policies that could expand the scope of employment and participation opportunities currently available to young people. The focus of the study being on Upper Egypt, it does not examine comprehensively the implications of youth employment and participation for Egyptian society as a whole. In its analysis of gender, the study analyses the dimension of access to education, but does not attempt to explore the issue of gender segregation in educational specialization. The report is consists of five chapters. Chapter two focuses on the transition from school to work, examining educational attainment, labor force participation, unemployment, joblessness, and gender issues. It also briefly considers youth entrepreneurship and involvement in agriculture. Civic engagement is the focus of chapter three, which presents young people's understanding of civic engagement and constraints to community participation. Chapter four considers young people's involvement in the January 25th Revolution. Conclusions and policy recommendations reflecting young people's aspirations for the future are discussed in chapter five.
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Chile - County Gender Assessment : Expanding Women's Work Choices to Enhance Chile's Economic PotentialThe Chile Country gender assessments
 (CGAs) identify gender-responsive policies and actions are
 strategic for poverty reduction, economic growth, human
 well-being, and development effectiveness. The report
 proposes priority policy objectives: increase female labor
 force participation, especially for low-income households,
 and reduce discontinuity in women's work experience.
 The report focus on the gender equality in the labor
 markets; improve access to financial services; expand access
 to business networks, business development services, and
 technology for women entrepreneurs. The potential impacts on
 economic growth gaps of increasing female labor force
 participation or reducing the gender gap.