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Language, Literacy, and Learning in Primary Schools : Implications for Teacher Development Programs in NigeriaLanguage, Literacy, and Learning in
 Primary Schools is a synthesis of the findings arising from
 four years of policy research and development in
 Nigeria's primary schools that focused on the gap
 between what teachers should know and be able to do, and the
 realities of teaching and learning in classrooms. It begins
 by critically examining the outcomes of primary schooling as
 measured by learning achievement results from national
 assessments, and by identifying some core learning problems
 for Nigerian primary school children. It reviews the
 findings from recent research reports that studied teaching
 and learning processes in primary school classrooms, and it
 identifies the pedagogical issues in primary classrooms that
 contribute to poor learning achievements. This report
 describes a research and development program that set out to
 improve teaching and learning in core learning skill areas
 of the curriculum.
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Toward a Better Future : Education and Training for Economic Development in Singapore since 1965The Singapore economy has undergone
 significant stages of development since the 1960s. It has
 grown from its traditional role as a regional port and
 distribution center in the 1960s to an international
 manufacturing and service center in the 1970s and 1980s, and
 now into a center of science-based manufacturing and
 knowledge-intensive technical services. Much has been
 written to explain this success. Emphasis has been placed on
 the early adoption of an export-oriented strategy for
 industrialization, high savings and investment rates, a
 stable macroeconomic environment, and even socio cultural
 traits that support successful industrialization. This
 volume documents a less-explored aspect of Singapore's
 economic development: it examines the transformation of the
 education and training system since the country's
 independence in 1965 and how the process contributed to
 skills formation and, hence, economic change.
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Eritrea - Health and Education Sectors : Public Expenditure ReviewEritrea is one of the poorest countries in the world, with an average annual per capita income of US$ 200 in 2006, and ranks 157th out of 177 countries in the 2005 human development index. Rain-fed agriculture, the predominant economic activity for more than half the population, is a very risky enterprise and food security remains one of the government's main concerns. Given the security situation the government is concerned about fiscal transparency for national security reasons, but has provided access to fiscal data for a review of the education and health sectors. There have been significant improvements in access to education since independence, and improving the skills of the labor force remains critical for Eritrea's long term development. Eritrea's public resource allocation to education has increased rapidly and at 6.7 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2005 is slightly higher than many countries in the Africa Region. There has been a rapid expansion in tertiary education following investments in 2005 to provide an additional five colleges. The general health status of Eritrea has greatly improved since independence.