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Morocco -- Mind the GapMorocco saw significant progress in
 terms economic, social and human development outcomes during
 the past decade. Women, as men, benefitted from such
 progress and increased access to services. Gender gaps in
 access to education narrowed significantly. The report
 recommends few key areas for strategic interventions. The
 recommendations are for the government and other development
 actors to focus on areas which are not only of greater
 potential impact but also a pre-requisite for women’s agency
 and empowerment. These include investment in women’s
 education (access and quality), the re-examination of
 certain discriminatory provisions in the country’s legal
 system (combined with an effort to strengthen implementation
 of the legislation and delivery of public sector services),
 and the promotion of cultural norms that value women as
 equal partners to men. The ultimate objective is to promote
 women’s empowerment as a means to achieve a more inclusive,
 open and prosperous society.
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Morocco - Mind the GapThis report is about women in Morocco
 who continue to face obstacles in social, economic, and
 political participation. These obstacles are a result of
 discriminatory legislative frameworks, social norms that
 restrict legal rights, and limited economic participation.
 Women’s economic participation in Morocco was at 26 percent
 which is among the lowest in the world, and has not changed
 since 1990. The ultimate objective is to promote women’s
 empowerment as a means to achieve a more inclusive, open,
 and prosperous society. This report is arranged as follows
 :(a) chapter one will present the progress thus far and the
 remaining important challenges for women in Morocco.; (b)
 chapters two and three focus on economic empowerment and
 employment outcomes and on the remaining legislative and or
 social discrimination that continue to restrict women agency
 in chapter four; and (c) chapter five will conclude by
 presenting some key areas of strategic intervention for the
 government and other development actors which are not only
 of greater potential impact but also a prerequisite for
 women’s agency and empowerment. The main findings in the
 report are as follows: (i) unequal access to education and
 resources continue to hinder women’s human development
 progress; (ii) gender segregation in terms of employment is
 pervasive, with women mostly working in low productivity
 sectors; (iii) demographic factors and social norms also
 affect women’s decisions to join the labor force; (iv) only
 fifteen percent of women in urban areas are employed,
 against sixty two percent of men, and this gap has remained
 virtually unchanged in the past; (vi) there is a substantial
 wage gap between men and women, even when controlling for
 education and professions; and (vii) traditional
 explanations for Female Labor Force Participation (FLFP)
 long-term trends account only partially for Morocco’s
 observed outcomes. Agency has a role, often a strong one, in
 contributing to women’s human development and economic
 opportunities, and opening opportunities for greater
 participation in social and political life. Despite
 important reforms, gaps remain in the legal framework,
 negatively impacting economic, social, and political
 development for women. The main conclusions and
 recommendations are follows: (a) much has been done but much
 remains to be done to improve women’s access to economic
 opportunities and individual empowerment; (b) women can
 actively contribute to Morocco’s economic growth only if the
 remaining barriers that still prevent women from working in
 high productivity sectors are removed; (c) removing
 regulatory barriers and easing the access to credit for
 female entrepreneurs is key to creating more jobs; (d)
 further reforms of the Labor code could be designed taking
 into account specific obstacles to women’s economic
 participation; (e) government action to level the playing
 field across the lifecycle would strengthen women’s
 opportunities and ultimately socio-economic outcomes; (f)
 the Goverment of Morocco (GoM) has taken considerable steps
 in closing gender equality gaps in law, but action is needed
 to ensure consistency throughout legislative frameworks; and
 (g) mainstreaming gender into policy action is key to
 achieving gender equality and women empowerment.
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BoliviaThis note aims to provide information
 and analysis as a basis for a better understanding of the
 challenges and constraints of achieving gender equality in
 Bolivia, with a special focus on the intersectionality
 between gender and ethnicity. Combining and analyzing
 existing evidence and new data, it seeks to document
 gender-specific disparities in development outcomes,
 highlight opportunities and constraints to women’s
 empowerment, and identify areas in which continuing
 knowledge gaps are particularly important to understand and
 address gender inequalities. The analysis in this note
 suggests that: there is important progress in development
 outcomes for women, in their access to services and to
 decision-making spaces; the intersection of gender and
 ethnicity deepens the gaps in some development outcomes in
 Bolivia; women feel discriminated against in different
 aspects of their lives, in particular indigenous women. Not
 having access to economic opportunities limit women’s
 agency; and while women with higher levels of agency are
 able to more fully take advantage of existing opportunities.