居民社会认同与社区自组织能力建设——基于厦门市的实证研究

Abstract

20世纪90年代以来，我国社区建设取得了巨大成就，社区自组织作为社区建设的新变量，一方面在催生城市基层社会民主，完善居民自治，推进社区自我管理、自我教育、自我服务、自我约束方面发挥了重要的作用；另一方面也面临着居民社区参与不足的发展困境。而社会认同作为居民社区参与的根本动力和影响因素，对改善当前社区自组织的发展困境具有重要作用。因此，本文从自组织视角探讨居民社会认同与社区自组织能力建设之间的关系，对促进我国社区建设发展具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 本文数据来自徐延辉教授主持的国家社科基金项目“社会质量视角下的社会建设研究”的问卷调查。通过本次调查，笔者对厦门市各类型社区自组织能力建设现状进行描述，并从社区和社会两个层面，重点分析居民身份认同、情感认同、群体认同与社区自组织能力建设之间的关系。研究发现：1、社区自组织能力建设可以分为“能力建设”和“情感建设”两个方面，当前我国社区自组织能力建设总体处于基本水平，社区自组织建设能力一般，尤其是社区居民自组织参与能力偏弱。2、居民社会认同对社区自组织能力建设具有重要作用，具体表现在：（1）居民社会身份认同（包括社区身份认同和市民身份认同）对社区自组织能力建设具有积极作用，尤其是居民社区身份自豪感，既有利于社区自组织能力的发挥，也有利于社区自组织情感基础的培育。（2）居民情感认同对社区自组织能力建设也具有积极作用，从居民社区情感认同来说，社区满意度越高则社区自组织建设的能力越强。而从居民社会情感认同来说，居民社会信任对社区自组织能力建设具有重要作用。首先，居民对非政府组织的信任，有利于培育社区自组织建设的情感基础；其次，居民人际关系特殊信任和普遍信任，能够有效地促进社区自组织建设能力的发挥。（3）居民社会群体认同与社区自组织能力建设密切相关，趣缘群体认同和宗教群体认同对社区自组织能力建设方面具有积极作用，而业缘群体认同则有利于社区自组织情感基础的培育。因此，笔者认为当前社区自组织建设应从“能力建设”和“情感建设”两个方面共同着手，全面提高我国社区自组织能力建设，并且培育居民的社会认同是当前社区自组织能力建设的重点。

Since the 1990s, the community Construction in China has made great achievements. Community Self-organization as a new variable has played an important role in the community construction. On the one hand, it has shown great significance in stimulating the urban grass-roots social democracy, improving the residents’ self-management, and promoting community self-education, self-service and self-constraints. But on the other hand, it also has faced with a dilemma of lacking of community involvement. While social identity, the fundamental driving factors of the residents’ participation, has made a great affection on improving the development of community self-organization. In that case, research on the relationship between residents’ social identity and community self-organizing has the theoretical and practical significance. Therefore, based on questionnaire survey of the National Science Fund Project “Social Construction under the Perspective of Social Quality”, the author carry out research on the status of community self-organizing capacity-building and analyze the relationship between residents’ social identity and community self-organizing capacity-building from the community level and society level by focusing on residents’ identity, emotional identity and group identity. The research suggests that community self-organizing capacity -building is at a basic level and residents' social identity has an important influence on community self-organizing capacity building. Firstly, residents' social identity, including community identity and public identity, has a positive role in promoting community self-organizing capacity-building. Especially the community pride of residents not only helps to improve the community self-organizing capacity, but also is conducive to cultivate the emotional basis for the community self-organization. Secondly, residents' emotional identity also plays an active role in the community self-organizing capacity-building. From point view of the residents’ community emotional identity, the higher is community satisfaction, the stronger is community self-organizing capacity-building. From point view of the residents' social emotional identity, residents’ social trusting plays an important role in building the community self-organizing capacity. First of all, the trust in non-governmental organizations of the residents is conducive to nurture the emotional foundations of community self-organization; secondly, the special and general interpersonal trust of residents can effectively promote the development of Community self-organizing capacity-building. Thirdly, residents’ social group identity is closely related to the community self-organizing capacity building. For instance, interested group identity and religious group identity have a positive effect on community self-organizing capacity-building, and career group identity is conducive to cultivate the emotional foundations of community self-organization. Therefore, the research suggests that construction of community self-organizing should starts with capacity building and emotional construction, and fostering the social identity of the residents is the key of community self-organizing capacity-building.

学位：社会工作硕士

院系专业：公共事务学院_社会工作硕士

学号：14020111150542