The Role of Gender, Self-Efficacy, Age and Extroversion on Smoking Behaviour among Ambrose Alli University Students, Ekpoma, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the role of gender, self-efficacy, age and extroversion on smoking behavior among Ambrose Alli University Students. Two hundred and fifty (250) undergraduates participated in the study (males 160 and females 90). Questionnaire was used in collecting data that were analyzed in this study. The questionnaire consisted of 4 sections: the demographic variables, extroversion scale, self-efficacy scale and attitude toward smoking scale. Two out of the four hypotheses tested were supported. Results of the independent t-test indicated that there was a significant difference in the onset of smoking between females and males (t = 2.354, df = 248, P = <.05). Result also showed that self-efficacy was significant when considering attitudes toward smoking behavior (t = 3.256, df = 248, P = <.05). However, age and extroversion was not found to be significant while considering smoking initiation and cessation. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that the smokers’ self-efficacy and gender must be taken seriously while considering smoking cessation. It also has implication for counseling.