“士兵的基督教”与“基督教的士兵”：西欧士兵的宗教信仰问题（1600-1650）

Abstract

本文从士兵的宗教信仰状况和西欧各国统治者对士兵宗教信仰的规范两个方面出发，考察17世纪上半叶西欧士兵宗教信仰问题，探究这一问题与当时宗教、军事变迁的关系。 第一章提出研究问题，回顾了英语学术界对近代早期士兵宗教信仰问题的研究状况，并介绍本文所用的材料和研究方法。 第二章结合士兵的军事生活及其与西欧各国统治者和主流教会的关系，论述了17世纪上半叶士兵宗教信仰状况即所谓“士兵的基督教”及其特点。 第三章论述了17世纪上半叶西欧各国统治者和主流教会如何通过军事纪律的方式对士兵的宗教信仰进行规范，建构理想的“基督教的士兵”的形象，从而利用宗教信仰对士兵进行控制。 结论对全文进行了总结，指出“士兵的基督教”和“基督教的士兵”是17世纪上半叶欧洲军队中两种存在张力的关系，即战友之间和官兵之间的关系在宗教信仰上的体现。

This dissertation engages in the religious belief of Western European soldiers in the first half of Seventeenth Century and researches the relation among the religious belief of soldiers and the changes in religion and military, concerning two perspective: the situation of the religious belief of European soldiers and how did authorities regulate it. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of this dissertation, reviews the situation of related Anglophone academic research, and proposes the sources and approach employed in this dissertation. Chapter 2 examines the “Soldiery Christianity”, i.e., the religious belief of soldiers in the first half of Seventeenth Century, in the context of their military life and relation among secular and ecclesiastic authorities. Chapter 3 investigates how did rulers and established churches control soldiers, regulating their religious belief through military disciplines and constructing the ideal image of “Christian Soldier”. Conclusion summarizes this dissertation, pointing out that “Soldiery Christianity” and “Christian Soldier” are religionary reflect of two pairs of rivalrous relations in Western European armies in the first half of Seventeenth Century: comrades and superiors-inferiors.

学位：历史学硕士

院系专业：人文学院_世界史

学号：10320101152118