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Modern Kamusal Alana Eleştirel Yaklaşımlar: Genel Bir Değerlendirme (Postmodernizm, Feminizm ve Din) <br>Critical Approaches To Modern Public Sphere: A General Evaluation (Postmodernism, Feminism And Religion)

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Author(s)
Cemile Zehra KÖROĞLU
Keywords
modernism
religion
postmodernism
feminism
public <br> modernizm
din
postmodernizm
feminizm
kamusal
Philology. Linguistics
P1-1091
Language and Literature
P
DOAJ:Linguistics
DOAJ:Languages and Literatures
Philology. Linguistics
P1-1091
Language and Literature
P
DOAJ:Linguistics
DOAJ:Languages and Literatures
Philology. Linguistics
P1-1091
Language and Literature
P
Philology. Linguistics
P1-1091
Language and Literature
P
Philology. Linguistics
P1-1091
Language and Literature
P
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/507075
Online Access
https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.4772
https://doaj.org/article/7fc16af204e14be9988490b4eb52d2b0
Abstract
The modern concept of the public sphere is expressed via theunderstanding of the public sphere which emerged after the 18thcentury. In this sense, it is possible to mention many debates regardingthe public sphere which suggest different models. However, in our studywithin the framework of Hebermas, it has followed that the commonprinciples and ideas of the modern public sphere have criticalapproaches previously unexplored.The principles of the modern publicsphere are determined withinthe framework of understanding man, universe, and society asdetermined by the idea of enlightenment. Since the modern publicsphere is considered as a sphere for political purposes, it also has rootsin the legitimacy of modern politicaland legal systems. Therefore, aconcensus on the political issues being discussed in the public sphere.To reach definitive conclusions and conduct public negotiationscorrectly, it has been determined the basic principles of participantsmust be individuals with a rational mind. Beginning with theuniversality of mind, the universality of the public sphere is targeted.Modern public sphereres present universal values in which an exclusiveand unequal character for many social groups which do not have theseprinciples and values. Therefore, discussion and criticisms of the publicsphere in the modern era have always been on the agenda. In additionto individual criticisms, different criticisims of a variety of philosophicaland social movements on modern public sphere can be mentioned.However, criticisms from the perspective of postmodern feminism andreligion are important as they are criticisms for the foundation of thepublic sphere.Although these three approaches are verydifferent from eachother, they share similar points of criticism and even provide legitimacyfor each other. Although religion and postmodernism criticizes theunderstanding of the enlightened and rational mind, the humanuniverse, and secularity, feminism criticizes the determination ofmodern public spheres by men. Each perspective regarding criticismand legitimacy are different; however, the roads can cross on thecritique of the modern public sphere. <br> Modern kamusal alan kavramıyla, 18.yüzyıldan sonra ortaya çıkan kamusal alan anlayışı ifade edilmektedir. Bu anlamda, kamusal alanla ilgili birçok tartışma ve önerilen farklı modellerden bahsetmek mümkündür. Ancak, çalışmamızda Habermas çerçevesinde, modern dönemin kamusal alanla ilgili tasavvurlarının ortak ilkeleri izlenmekte ve buna yönelik eleştirel yaklaşımlar ele alınmaktadır. Modern kamusal alanın ilkeleri, aydınlanma düşüncesiyle ortaya çıkan bir insan, evren ve toplum anlayışı çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir. Modern kamusal alan, siyasal bir alan olarak tasavvur edildiği için, aynı zamanda modern siyasal sistemlerin ve hukuk sistemlerinin meşruiyet düzlemidir. Bu nedenle kamusal alanda müzakere edilen siyasal konuların kesin ve doğruya ulaşılarak üzerinde uzlaşı sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Kesin sonuçlara ulaşabilmek ve kamusal müzakereyi doğru yürütebilmek için, katılımcıların rasyonel akıl sahibi kişiler olmaları temel ilke olarak belirlenmiştir. Aklın evrenselliğinden hareketle, kamusal alanın da evrenselliği hedeflenmiştir. Evrensel değerlerin temsil alanı olan modern kamusal, bu ilke ve değerlere sahip olmayan birçok toplumsal grup için dışlayıcı ve eşitsiz bir karakter kazanmıştır. Bu nedenle modern dönem de kamusal alanla ilgili tartışma ve eleştiriler hep gündemde olmuştur. Bireysel eleştirilerin yanı sıra, çeşitli felsefi ve toplumsal hareketlerin modern kamusal alana yönelik farklı eleştirilerinden bahsedilebilir. Ancak postmodernizm, feminizm ve din perspektifli eleştiriler, modern kamusal alanın temellerine yönelik eleştiriler oldukları için önemlidirler. Bu üç yaklaşım, birbirinden çok farklı olmakla birlikte, benzer eleştiri noktalarını paylaşmakta hatta birbirlerine meşruiyet sağlamaktadırlar. Din ve postmodernizm, aydınlanmacı rasyonel akıl, insan, evren ve sekülerlik anlayışını eleştirirken feminizm ise modern kamusalın erkekler tarafından belirlenmesini eleştirmektedir. Her bakış açısının eleştiri nedenleri ve meşruiyet düzlemleri farklıdır. Buna rağmen modern kamusal alanın eleştirisinde yollar kesişebilmektedir.
Date
2013-07-01
Type
Article
Identifier
oai:doaj.org/article:7fc16af204e14be9988490b4eb52d2b0
http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.4772
1308-2140
https://doaj.org/article/7fc16af204e14be9988490b4eb52d2b0
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