Trabajo, cultura y poder: dilemas historiográficos y estudios de género en Argentina Work, Culture and Power: Historiographical Dilemma and Gender Studies in Argentina
Author(s)
Mirta Zaida LobatoKeywords
MujeresEstudios de género
Feminismo
Historia del trabajo
Mercado laboral
Inequidad
Women
Gender studies
Feminism
History of work
Work market
Inequity
Philosophy (General)
B1-5802
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
B
DOAJ:Philosophy
DOAJ:Philosophy and Religion
Speculative philosophy
BD10-701
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Los problemas, teorías y metodologías utilizadas para producir conocimiento histórico cambiaron notablemente en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Algunas de esas transformaciones conciernen al campo de los estudios feministas y las derivas posteriores, bajo el nombre de historia de las mujeres y estudios de género. Este vasto campo no es inmutable y muchos han sido los debates que involucraron a estudiosas de diferentes disciplinas y, por eso también, ni la historia de las mujeres ni los estudios de género se basan en las mismas premisas iniciales. Si bien es cierto que existen diferentes perspectivas de análisis, los estudios provenientes de este campo comparten una actitud crítica frente a la pretendida objetividad y universalidad del conocimiento, subrayan las diferencias en las relaciones de poder existentes entre varones y mujeres, toman la experiencia de las mujeres evitando objetivarlas, convertirlas en víctimas, en sujetos románticos, cuyas experiencias pueden generalizarse sin prestar atención a las diferencias de clases, de raza o generacionales y, sobre todo, persiguen cambiar la situación desventajosa en la que se encuentran las mujeres. Desde el punto de vista de la disciplina historia los debates historiográficos no fueron menores. A lo largo de las últimas décadas los modos de hacer historia fueron amenazados y desafiados, de un modo u otro y con distintos grados de intensidad, por los estudios sobre las mujeres, el "giro lingüístico", la historia cultural, los estudios postcoloniales y de la subalternidad. Un examen analítico de esa ahora amplia producción requiere de aproximaciones recortadas a problemas específicos. Por eso me propongo en este artículo analizar la literatura socio-histórica sobre trabajo, considerando que éste se encuentra estrechamente imbricado con cultura y poder. No obstante la importancia del tema en nuestras sociedades y de la relevancia de la presencia femenina tanto en el trabajo doméstico como en el asalariado, la historiografía ha construido los relatos nacionales sobre la base de una presencia considerada universal aunque enfocada en las prácticas políticas, sociales y culturales de los varones. Este sesgo sólo ha comenzado a matizarse y hacerse más complejo en las últimas tres décadas en nuestro país.<br>Problems, theories and methodologies used to produce historical knowledge underwent a remarkable change during the second half of the XX century. Some of these changes are related to feminist studies and the issues derived from them under the name of history of women and gender studies. This vast field is not immutable and has involved a lot of discussion among women from different disciplines; for this reason neither the history of women nor gender studies are based on the initial premises. Though there are different approaches, the studies coming from this field share a critical attitude towards the so-called objectivity and universality of knowledge, underline the different power relations between men an women, take the experiences of women avoiding turning them into victims or romantic subjects whose experiences can be generalized regardless race, class or generation, and, above all, try to change the disadvantageous situation of women. On the historical side historiographical debates were not lesser. Along the last decades the ways of making history were threatened and defied-in various ways and with different intensities-by studies on women, the linguistic turn, the history of culture, the post-colonial and subordination studies. An analytical examination of this now wide production requires an approach focused on specific problems. For this reason I intend to analyze the social-historical literature on work issues, closely related to culture and power. Despite the importance of this subject in our societies and of the presence of women in the working market, either at home or earning a wage, historiography has built the national discourse based on political, social and cultural practices of men. Such bias has only started to change in our country during the last three decades.Date
2008-12-01Type
ArticleIdentifier
oai:doaj.org/article:9bad9ae60b224271af3b7ef994ed74e81515-7180
1851-9490
https://doaj.org/article/9bad9ae60b224271af3b7ef994ed74e8
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