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Attaining the Health and Education Millennium Development Goals in NepalThis paper looks at Nepal's
 Millennium Development Goals (MDG) with respect to health
 and education. The paper is organized with part one dealing
 with education and is divided into three sections: section A
 details the current state of Nepal's MDG indicators and
 analyzes progress towards the goals; section B describes the
 policies that have contributed to Nepal's success, and
 policies that constrain its future achievements; and the
 final section C outlines the challenges facing Nepal in
 achieving the education MDGs. Part two of the paper deals
 with goals in health. This part of the paper also is divided
 into three sections with section A detailing health
 outcomes, progress and prospects; section B discusses the
 factors explaining progress in health and outcomes; and
 section C gives challenges for the future.
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Abolishing School Fees in Africa :
 Lessons from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and MozambiqueThis book constitutes one of the main
 outputs of the School Fee Abolition Initiative (SFAI). The
 initiative, launched in 2005 by the United Nations
 Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank, was
 designed to support countries in maintaining and
 accelerating progress toward universal primary education as
 outlined in the Millennium Development Goals and the
 Education for All (EFA) goals. Specifically, SFAI
 strengthens country efforts to eliminate school fees and/or
 implement targeted exemptions, subsidizations, and
 incentives to reduce education costs for the poor. The
 initiative has now grown into a broad partnership through
 the involvement of other key development partners and
 constituencies as well as research and academic
 institutions. SFAI promotes access to quality basic
 education worldwide through three specific and interlinked
 goals. The first is to construct a knowledge base on school
 fee abolition in order to inform sound and sustainable
 policies, strategies, and interventions. SFAI recognizes
 that school fee abolition is a complex process that requires
 both the development of a credible database and the solid
 analysis that builds on lessons learned from experience. The
 second goal is to provide guidance and support to countries
 in planning and implementing school fee abolition policies.
 Engagement by SFAI partners is taking the form of both
 technical and financial assistance within the framework of
 ongoing national planning processes. The third goal is to
 advance the global policy dialogue on the financial barriers
 to education access and to build on existing EFA
 partnerships. The result will ensure a good understanding of
 the complexities involved in school fee abolition,
 facilitate the articulation of complementary roles, and
 create an environment for success.
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Bangladesh - Public Expenditure and Institutional Review : Towards a Better Quality of Public Expenditure - Sectoral AnalysisBangladesh has recorded many impressive
 achievements in economic and social development in the last
 decade and a half. It has achieved steady economic growth of
 over 5.5 percent annually (over 6 percent on average since
 2004), maintained relatively low inflation and stable levels
 of domestic debt. More remarkable have been its achievements
 in reducing income poverty and improving social indicators,
 such as life expectancy, fertility control, child mortality,
 literacy and enrollment rates, which, in many cases, exceed
 other countries in the region and outside. In addition to
 standard expenditure policy analysis typically associated
 with Public Expenditure Reviews (PERs), this study combines
 an assessment of key institutional elements that are likely
 to affect budget outcomes with political economy analysis of
 the budget institutions, in order to discover the underlying
 reasons behind the existing equilibrium. While the Public
 Expenditure and Institutional Review (PEIR) does not include
 a description of the technical aspects of Public Financial
 Management (PFM) institutions, it makes use of the numerous
 studies that exist in this area to illustrate their effect
 on incentives. This approach is motivated by
 Bangladesh's long journey of 14 years towards reforming
 PFM systems, which is yet to result in a fundamental break
 with past practices of input-oriented incremental budgeting
 and relatively weak expenditure controls, especially at the
 sector-specific level. This requires different thinking and
 an approach aimed at addressing the incentive structure of
 those who can influence more fundamental reforms in PFM.