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Matching Contributions for Pensions : A Review of International ExperienceEstablishing robust, equitable, and
 effective social protection is essential to reducing poverty
 and boosting prosperity at all levels of development. The
 demographic transition that has already transformed most
 high-income societies will exert similar and growing
 pressures on others, reinforcing the role of pensions and
 savings for old age as a central pillar of social protection
 systems. One possible solution that has emerged in recent
 years that offers the potential to overcome this challenge
 is the provision of contribution matches to provide an
 immediate and powerful incentive for participation in
 pension saving systems. Originating in several high-income
 settings there are now a number of innovations and
 substantial experience in low-income countries in using this
 design to stimulate coverage and savings. This experience
 now provides a rich opportunity for learning, not just from
 the longer experience of a few high-income countries but
 also the more meaningful South-South learning across
 developing countries.This volume, which reviews
 the experience with matching pension contributions across
 the range of countries that have used the design, makes an
 initial, but critically important investment in this
 learning process. The description and analysis of this
 experience which is the product of partnership and
 collaboration across many public and private institutions
 provide an invaluable early assessment of the design to
 inform policy makers and practitioners as well as serve as a
 model for the kind of cooperation that will be required to
 address this difficult challenge. At the World Bank, we look
 forward to being part of this learning process of how to
 best provide old-age security for all.
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Pension Reform in Southeastern
 Europe : Linking to Labor and Financial Market ReformsThe reform of public pension systems
 and, more generally, the review of old-age income support
 are on the reform agenda worldwide. The reform discussion is
 more intense in countries where population aging is well
 advanced, including the member countries of the Organization
 for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), much of
 Latin America, China, Russia, and the former transition
 economies of Southeastern Europe (SEE). But developing
 countries in the global South are also awakening to the
 challenges of aging and old-age income support in view of
 changing family structures, urbanization, and migration.
 Over 80 percent of the increase in the numbers of persons
 age 65 and older up to 2050 will take place in countries
 with current per capita incomes of US$1,000 and below.
 Whereas the North grew rich before becoming old, the South
 risks becoming old before becoming rich. The remainder of
 the chapter attempts to substantiate this point. The next
 section briefly describes aging and its fiscal implications
 in the light of demographic developments in the countries of
 Southeastern Europe. There follows an outline of the drivers
 of pension reform that go beyond population aging and have
 to be understood when choosing among reform options.
 Subsequent sections take up recent international reform
 trends and lessons and underline key points concerning the
 labor market and financial market reforms needed to support
 pension reform. The chapter ends with some concluding remarks.
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A Worldwide Overview of Facts and FiguresThis paper presents and explains cross
 country data for mandatory publicly and privately managed
 pension systems around the world. Relevant World Bank
 demographic projections and other indicators previously
 reported in International Patterns of Pension Provision
 (2000) are updated, and relationships between key indicators
 are highlighted. For more than a decade, the World Bank has
 compiled and maintained a database on pension systems around
 the world. The process of collecting data began in the
 early 1990s when the Bank's first major research volume
 on the subject was published. Subsequently, expanding World
 Bank lending and technical assistance on pensions resulted
 in the collection of additional information, particularly in
 Eastern Europe and Latin America. In addition to providing
 more recent data, this update includes new and standardized
 information on system parameters. The aim of this document
 is to capture much of the relevant cross-country information
 and indicators. This is intended to provide decision makers
 with a general view of the current patterns of pension
 provision worldwide to support their efforts to develop
 well-informed frameworks for implementing and/or reforming
 pension systems.