Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Closing the Coverage Gap : The Role of Social Pensions and
 Other Retirement Income TransfersThe book has four specific objectives:
 (a) to discuss the role of retirement income transfers in
 the context of a strategy for expanding old- age income
 security and preventing poverty among the elderly; (b) to
 take stock of international experience with the design and
 implementation of these programs; (c) to identify key policy
 issues that need to receive attention during the design and
 implementation phases; and (d) to offer some preliminary
 policy recommendations and propose next steps. The chapter
 one discusses the rationale for retirement income transfers.
 The main justifications are the limited coverage of the
 mandatory pension systems (chapter two) and the risk of
 poverty during old age (chapter three). Chapter four then
 examines the rights, based approach to expansion of social
 security coverage based on the conventions and
 recommendations of the International Labor Organization
 (ILO). The middle part of the book deals with international
 experience. Chapters five, six, and seven reviews selected
 programs in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
 countries, respectively, and chapters eight and nine discuss
 in greater depth the cases of Japan and the Republic of
 Korea. The five concluding chapters are concerned with
 policy issues as related to design. Chapter ten presents a
 typology of retirement income transfers and analyzes the
 potential economic impacts of the programs. Chapter eleven
 deals with financing mechanisms and the problem of
 allocative efficiency, given limited resources. Chapter
 twelve addresses two key issues related to institutional
 arrangements and targeting systems: Should countries
 consider separate programs to target the elderly poor
 instead of using the general social assistance system to
 target all poor? And, how can current proxy means-test
 systems be adapted to target the elderly poor? Chapter
 thirteen explores in more detail the links between social
 pensions and matching contributions in the context of a
 general strategy for expanding coverage. Finally, chapter
 fourteen provides guidelines for the design of the
 administrative systems needed to operationalize the various
 programs. The remainder of this overview summarizes the main
 messages from the subsequent chapters and outlines an agenda
 for future research and policy analysis. For clarity, it
 starts by presenting some definitions pertinent to the
 retirement income transfers discussed in the book.
-
Closing the Coverage Gap : The Role of Social Pensions and Other Retirement Income TransfersThe book has four specific objectives: (a) to discuss the role of retirement income transfers in the context of a strategy for expanding old- age income security and preventing poverty among the elderly; (b) to take stock of international experience with the design and implementation of these programs; (c) to identify key policy issues that need to receive attention during the design and implementation phases; and (d) to offer some preliminary policy recommendations and propose next steps. The chapter one discusses the rationale for retirement income transfers. The main justifications are the limited coverage of the mandatory pension systems (chapter two) and the risk of poverty during old age (chapter three). Chapter four then examines the rights, based approach to expansion of social security coverage based on the conventions and recommendations of the International Labor Organization (ILO). The middle part of the book deals with international experience. Chapters five, six, and seven reviews selected programs in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries, respectively, and chapters eight and nine discuss in greater depth the cases of Japan and the Republic of Korea. The five concluding chapters are concerned with policy issues as related to design. Chapter ten presents a typology of retirement income transfers and analyzes the potential economic impacts of the programs. Chapter eleven deals with financing mechanisms and the problem of allocative efficiency, given limited resources. Chapter twelve addresses two key issues related to institutional arrangements and targeting systems: Should countries consider separate programs to target the elderly poor instead of using the general social assistance system to target all poor? And, how can current proxy means-test systems be adapted to target the elderly poor? Chapter thirteen explores in more detail the links between social pensions and matching contributions in the context of a general strategy for expanding coverage. Finally, chapter fourteen provides guidelines for the design of the administrative systems needed to operationalize the various programs. The remainder of this overview summarizes the main messages from the subsequent chapters and outlines an agenda for future research and policy analysis. For clarity, it starts by presenting some definitions pertinent to the retirement income transfers discussed in the book.
-
The Elderly and Old Age Support in
 Rural China : Challenges and ProspectsAlthough average incomes in China have
 risen dramatically since the 1980s, concerns are increasing
 that the rural elderly have not benefited from growth to the
 same extent as younger people and the urban elderly.
 Concerns about welfare of the rural elderly combine spatial
 and demographic issues. Large gaps exist between conditions
 in coastal and interior regions and between conditions in
 urban and rural areas of the country. In addition to
 differences in income by geography, considerable differences
 exist across demographic groups in the level of coverage by
 safety nets, in the benefits received through the social
 welfare system, and in the risks of falling into poverty.
 This book aims to do two things: first, it provides detailed
 empirical analysis of the welfare and living conditions of
 the rural elderly since the early 1990s in the context of
 large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and second, it
 explores the evolution of the rural pension system in China
 over the past two decades and raises a number of issues on
 its current implementation and future directions. Although
 the two sections of the book are distinct in analytical
 terms, they are closely linked in policy terms: the first
 section demonstrates in several ways a rationale for greater
 public intervention in the welfare of the rural elderly, and
 the second documents the response of policy to date and
 options to consider for deepening the coverage and effects
 of the rural pension system over the longer term.