Capitalizing on the Demographic Transition : Tackling Noncommunicable Diseases in South Asia
Author(s)
El-Saharty, SamehKudesia, Preeti
Engelgau, Michael Maurice
Okamoto, Kyoko
Rosenhouse, Sandra
Rajan, Vikram
Keywords
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGYDEPENDENCY RATIOS
NCD
MORBIDITY
WORKING-AGE POPULATION
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
PHYSICIANS
ILL HEALTH
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
MENTAL DISORDER
DEPRESSION
ADULT POPULATION
VULNERABILITY
HEALTH PROBLEMS
CLINICAL PRACTICE
CITIZENS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
ILLNESS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
AGED
INFANT MORTALITY RATES
POLICY MAKERS
PREVALENCE
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
COMPLICATIONS
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
HEALTH SERVICES
MENTAL HEALTH
SOCIAL CHANGES
DISEASE CONTROL
POOR HEALTH
UNSAFE SEX
UNMET CONTRACEPTIVE NEED
BURDEN OF DISEASE
GROSS NATIONAL INCOME
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
SOCIAL SCIENCE
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
HEART DISEASES
INFANT
POPULATION INCREASES
SOCIAL WELFARE
POPULATION GROUPS
LIFESTYLES
HOSPITAL BEDS
SMOKING CESSATION
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
POLICY DIALOGUE
MATERNAL MORTALITY
PROGRESS
CLINICS
FERTILITY
ELDERLY POPULATION
MALNUTRITION
SANITATION
BOTH SEXES
HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO
HEART ATTACK
PATIENTS
WAR
SEX
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
HEALTH POLICIES
HEALTH OUTCOMES
ALCOHOL ABUSE
MEDICAL SCIENCES
MIGRATION
REGIONAL STRATEGY
SMOKING
HEALTH CARE
FAMILY WELFARE
PANDEMICS
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
SURGERY
HEALTH INDICATORS
NUTRITION
HUMAN RESOURCES
DEPENDENCY RATIO
INFECTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ALCOHOLISM
LIVER
ANXIETY
DEMOGRAPHERS
DRUGS
DIABETES
HOSPITALIZATION
POLICY DEVELOPMENT
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
MENTAL
INTERVENTION
DEATH RATES
JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
PUBLIC SERVICES
POPULATION CHANGE
PUBLIC HEALTH
CHRONIC DISEASES
LONGER LIFE
FERTILITY RATES
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
REGIONAL STRATEGIES
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
GOVERNMENT CAPACITY
EARLY CHILDHOOD
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
DISEASE BURDEN
PREMATURE ADULT MORTALITY
KNOWLEDGE BASE
HEART DISEASE
INFANT MORTALITY
LEGAL STATUS
TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
NATIONAL POLICY
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
SMOKERS
EXPENDITURES
MORTALITY
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND
FEMALES
EPIDEMIC
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
HEALTH SECTOR
SOCIAL AFFAIRS
SMALL COUNTRIES
INJURIES
HEALTH SURVEYS
TOBACCO TAXATION
GENDER BALANCE
DISEASE PATTERNS
BREAST CANCER
DEATHS
RISK FACTORS
URBAN AREAS
REFRACTIVE ERRORS
DISEASE PATTERN
HIV/AIDS
BASIC NEEDS
FORMULATION OF PUBLIC POLICIES
CARDIOLOGY
NATIONAL EFFORTS
NEWBORN
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
LABOR FORCE
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
HEALTH SYSTEMS
AGING
ADOLESCENTS
FAMILIES
DIAGNOSIS
URBANIZATION
PURCHASING POWER
ECONOMIC GROWTH
IRON
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
MEDICAL RESEARCH
LABOR MARKET
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
BREASTFEEDING
POOR FAMILIES
LIVE BIRTHS
DEATH RATE
SERVICE DELIVERY
DURATION OF ILLNESS
RURAL POPULATIONS
HEALTH EXPENDITURES
POPULATION INDICATORS
OBESITY
INEQUITIES
CHRONIC DISEASE
TUBERCULOSIS
LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH
PUBLIC POLICY
HEALTHY LIFE
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
HEALTH POLICY
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
SOCIAL BURDEN
ASTHMA
POPULATION SIZE
POPULATION SECTOR
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
PREMATURE DEATH
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
TOLERANCE
RESPIRATORY DISEASE
TREATMENT
SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS
REGIONAL COOPERATION
FOOD INDUSTRY
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
OLD-AGE
DISSEMINATION
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
DIABETES MELLITUS
LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
LIVING CONDITIONS
CANCERS
LONGEVITY
POLLUTION
RURAL AREAS
MEDICINES
NATIONAL POLICY MAKERS
SOCIAL SUPPORT
HYPERTENSION
HOSPITAL
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
CHOLESTEROL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
DISABILITY
HYGIENE
POOR NUTRITION
HEALTH SYSTEM
MARKETING
ELDERLY
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
VIOLENCE
RESPIRATORY ILLNESS
LEADING CAUSES
CHILD HEALTH
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
LIFE EXPECTANCY
Full record
Show full item recordOnline Access
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2343Abstract
This book looks primarily at Cardio
 Vascular Disease (CVD) and tobacco use because they account
 for a disproportionate amount of the Non Communicable
 Disease (NCD) burden the focus is strategic rather than
 comprehensive. It considers both country and regional level
 approaches for tackling NCDs, as many of the issues and
 challenges of mounting an effective response are common to
 most South Asian countries. The prevention and control of
 NCDs constitute a development issue that low-income
 countries in South Asia are already facing. Both country and
 regional-level strategies are important because many of the
 issues and challenges of mounting an effective response to
 NCDs are common to most South Asian countries, even though
 their disease burden profiles vary. Hence, the rationale for
 this book is that strategic decisions for prevention and
 treatment of NCDs can effectively address the future burden
 of disease, promote healthy aging, and increase the
 potential benefit from the demographic transition, thus
 contributing to economic development. This book's goal
 is to encourage countries to develop, adopt, and implement
 effective and timely country and regional responses that
 reduce the population-level risk factors and NCD disease burden.Date
2012-03-19Type
Publications & Research :: PublicationIdentifier
oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/2343978-0-8213-8724-5
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2343
Copyright/License
CC BY 3.0 IGOCollections
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Population Aging : Is Latin America Ready?Cotlear, Daniel (World Bank, 2011)The past half-century has seen enormous
 changes in the demographic makeup of Latin America and the
 Caribbean (LAC). In the 1950s, LAC had a small population of
 about 160 million people, less than today's population
 of Brazil. Two-thirds of Latin Americans lived in rural
 areas. Families were large and women had one of the highest
 fertility rates in the world, low levels of education, and
 few opportunities for work outside the household.
 Investments in health and education reached only a small
 fraction of the children, many of whom died before reaching
 age five. Since then, the size of the LAC population has
 tripled and the mostly rural population has been transformed
 into a largely urban population. There have been steep
 reductions in child mortality, and investments in health and
 education have increased, today reaching a majority of
 children. Fertility has been more than halved and the
 opportunities for women in education and for work outside
 the household have improved significantly. Life expectancy
 has grown by 22 years. Less obvious to the casual observer,
 but of significance for policy makers, a population with a
 large fraction of dependent children has evolved into a
 population with fewer dependents and a very large proportion
 of working-age adults. This overview seeks to introduce the
 reader to three groups of issues related to population aging
 in LAC. First is a group of issues related to the support of
 the aging and poverty in the life cycle. Second is the
 question of the health transition. Third is an understanding
 of the fiscal pressures that are likely to accompany
 population aging and to disentangle the role of demography
 from the role of policy in that process.
-
Population Health and Economic GrowthCanning, David; Bloom, David E. (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008)Health is a direct source of human
 welfare and also an instrument for raising income levels.
 The authors discuss a number of mechanisms through which
 health can affect income, focusing on worker productivity,
 children's education, savings and investment, and
 demographic structure. As well as the impact of current
 illness, health may have large effects on prospective life
 spans and life cycle behavior. Studies suggest there may be
 a large effect of health and nutrition in uteri, and in the
 first few years of life, on physical and cognitive
 development and economic success as an adult. Macroeconomic
 evidence for an effect on growth is mixed, with evidence of
 a large effect in some studies. However, there is a
 possibility that gains from health may be outweighed by the
 effect of increased survival on population growth, until a
 fertility transition occurs. The low cost of some health
 interventions that have large-scale effects on population
 health makes health investments a promising policy tool for
 growth in developing countries. In addition, higher priority
 could be given to tackling widespread 'neglected'
 diseases that is, diseases with low mortality burdens that
 are not priorities from a pure health perspective, but that
 do have substantial effects on productivity.
-
Burkina Faso : Promouvoir la croissance, la competitivite et la diversification : memorandum economique sur le paysWorld Bank (Washington, DC, 2010-09)The main conclusion of Country Economic Memorandum is that the previous model of extensive growth has now exhausted its potential and must be renewed. Given the existing population dynamics, low environmental tolerance due to its Sahelian climate and competition forces imposed due to its open economy, Burkina Faso is heavily investing in growth based on increased productivity to overcome its low level of initial human capital, capacity constraints and regulation. To help define the new model of development of Burkina Faso, the Country Economic Memorandum is exploring growth based on productivity both at macro-, meso-economic or sectoral, micro and institutional levels only. It also assesses the sustainability of growth in the human, demographic, financial, fiscal and physical infrastructure. Wherever possible, it evaluates the performance of previous development programs and provides diagnostics on problems. It analyzes the current situation in terms of challenges and opportunities. Several major constraints on growth have been identified and the Memorandum offers practical ways to reduce or mitigate them. These constraints are: i. The frequency of exogenous shocks on agriculture in Burkina Faso, especially cotton, significantly slows the socio-economic development; ii. The real appreciation of the exchange rate has eroded the price competitiveness; iii. The country's attractiveness to foreign direct investment, despite significant progress in the business environment, limited growth potential; iv. The high fertility rates impede growth per capita and social development beginning with human capital; v. Environmental constraints limit the extensive growth of agriculture, while food security is always a challenge for human development; vi. The vulnerability of poor households prevents them from truly engaging in productive economic activities; vii. Constraints on institutional and human capacities reduce the effectiveness of public policies. The first volume of the Memorandum emphasizes the need for Burkina Faso to consider the macroeconomic and microeconomic constraints to growth and competitiveness, draws attention to the low sophistication of its exports and suggests policy instruments to facilitate the promotion of export and investment led by the private sector. The second volume emphasizes (i) the need for appropriate choices to ensure the viability of the cotton sector, (ii) the development of supply chains to achieve food security, growth and import substitution, (iii) the important role in the mining sector for growth, with good revenue management, and finally (iv) the potential of tourism as an industry will depend on the service quality improvements and the accommodation capacity and infrastructure. The third volume identifies the actions necessary to (i) address the issues of demographic change through better information, education and communication campaigns to bring about behavioral changes, (ii) develop instruments of risk management to manage the risks of economic, social, health, natural and food security, (iii) improve the country's access to regional and international markets, better connections to regional transport infrastructure, electricity, and telecommunications, water services and improved irrigation systems, (iv) exploiting the financial intermediation by new mechanisms of access to credit, reform the financial sector and institutional capacity building in financial management and risk in the business sector, and (v) create and use the budget by prioritizing expenditures, ensuring the collection of revenue and increasing the flow of aid.