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Rethinking School Health : A Key
 Component of Education for AllEducation is one of the most important
 drivers of the development of individuals and societies. It
 not only has powerful implications for the creation of human
 capacity, but also helps people realize their full potential
 and expand their connections with the world. Economic
 analyses repeatedly demonstrate that education gives a high
 economic return within the life - span of an individual and
 is a key factor underlying the economic growth of nations.
 Viewed from these perspectives, the decision at the turn of
 the millennium of governments and development partners to
 pursue the goal of Education for All (EFA) was not only an
 important contribution to one sector, but the launch of an
 endeavor with major implications for the future of humanity.
 The early perception of the goal of EFA was that all
 children should have access to education-every child should
 be able to exercise the right to go to school. This limited
 goal soon broadened to address the quality of the education
 that a child received at school and the factors that ensured
 the child was able to stay in school long enough to learn
 enough. These additional objectives have expanded the goal
 of EFA, so that it now aims to ensure that every child has
 the opportunity to complete an education of good quality,
 although definitions of quality and completeness remain
 under discussion. The question now is not whether school
 health and school feeding programs are necessary to EFA, but
 how they can be implemented at meaningful scale in the
 poorest countries, which need them the most.
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School Health, Nutrition and HIV/AIDS Programming : Promising Practice in the Greater Mekong Sub-RegionIn low income countries, poor health and
 malnutrition are critical underlying factors for low school
 enrolment, absenteeism, poor classroom performance and
 dropout; all of which act as important constraints in
 countries efforts to achieve Education for All (EFA) and the
 education Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In the
 Greater Mekong Sub-Region (GMSR), the education and health
 sectors have long recognized that school health and
 nutrition programs can address the basic health problems
 faced by their schoolchildren. More recently, life skills
 modules and HIV prevention education are being introduced to
 promote positive and healthy behaviors. The currently low
 levels of HIV infection in the GMSR make a focus on
 prevention all the more timely. The aim of this document is
 to share emerging promising practice in the field of school
 health and nutrition within the GMSR and to inform
 governments, development partners and other organizations
 that recognize the need to harmonize activities and align
 assistance. It aims to strengthen the network of school
 health, nutrition and HIV/AIDS Ministry of Education Focal
 Points and further the establishment of a sound community of
 good practice in the sub-region. The document includes
 descriptions a wide range of different activities from the
 six GMSR countries of Cambodia, China (Yunnan Province), Lao
 People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Myanmar, Thailand
 and Vietnam.
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MDG Achievements, Determinants and Resource Needs : What Has Been Learnt?This paper reviews the effectiveness and
 efficiency of key policy instruments for the achievement of
 the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Based on a simple
 cross-country regression analysis, the paper argues that
 average Millennium Development Goal progress is likely to be
 too slow to meet education and health sector targets in a
 number of developing countries. The paper further shows that
 MDG achievement can be described by a transition path with
 declining rates of progress. More detailed analysis reveals
 that the transition toward universal primary school
 enrollment in poor countries with low initial enrollment has
 accelerated considerably in the more recent past. The main
 part of the paper then focuses on the role of demand versus
 supply-side factors in social service utilization in
 education and health. The review arrives at the following
 rules of thumb that reflect some of the key determinants of
 achievement of the Millennium Development Goals: First,
 specific single policy interventions can have a considerable
 impact on social service utilization and specific human
 development outcomes. For example, improving access to basic
 health services, in particular to vaccination, has been a
 key factor in reducing child mortality rates in a number of
 very poor countries. Second, demand-side policies have
 proved extremely effective, for example in raising school
 enrollment and attainment levels. However, there may be more
 scope for targeting the demand-side in the health sector.
 Third, policy effectiveness and efficiency are highly
 dependent on initial conditions and the specificities of the
 respective policy. Fourth, complementarities between MDG
 targets, in particular social service utilization, are
 likely to be very important.