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Eurobarometer 59.1: The Euro and Parental Leave, March - April, 2003The Eurobarometer (EB) survey series is a unique programme of cross-national and cross-temporal comparative social science research. Since the early seventies representative national samples in all European Union (EU) (formerly the European Community (EC)) member states have been simultaneously interviewed in the spring and autumn of each year. Starting with EB 34.1 (autumn 1990), separate supplementary surveys on special issues have been conducted under almost every EB number. The EB is designed to provide regular monitoring of public social and political attitudes in the EU through specific trend questions. More information about the series may be found on the Zentralarchiv fuer Empirische Sozialforschung (ZA - Central Archive for Empirical Social Research, University of Cologne) Eurobarometer Survey Series web pages. Background Work on European survey series began in early 1970, when the Commission of the European Community sponsored simultaneous surveys of the EC. These surveys were designed to measure public awareness of, and attitudes toward, the Common Market and other EC institutions, in complementary fashion. They also probed the goals given top priority for each respondent's nation. These concerns have remained a central part of the EC's research efforts - which were carried forward in the summer of 1971 with another six-nation survey that gave special attention to agricultural problems. The nine EC member countries were then surveyed again on the same topic areas in September 1973. After 1973, the surveys took on a somewhat broader scope in content as well as in geographical coverage, with measures of subjective satisfaction and the perceived quality of life becoming standard features of the EC public opinion surveys. Over time, the member states of the EC/EU have increased in number, and the coverage of the EB surveys has widened accordingly. In 1974, nine countries were surveyed: France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland and Luxembourg. Greece has been included since the autumn 1980 survey (EB 14) onwards, Portugal and Spain since autumn 1985 (EB 24), the former German Democratic Republic since autumn 1990 (EB 34), Finland since the spring of 1993 (EB 39), and Sweden and Austria since the autumn of 1994 (EB 42). Norway has been included in some surveys since 1991, from EB 36 onwards. In 2004, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia joined the EU, and in 2007, Bulgaria and Romania (some of these countries participated in the Candidate Countries Eurobarometer survey series (see under GN 33343) before full accession). Some surveys are also conducted in Turkey, and in the Turkish Cypriot Community (Northern Cyprus). The Eurobarometer public opinion surveys are conducted on behalf of and co-ordinated by the European Commission, DG Press and Communication - Opinion Polls Sector (European Commission Public Opinion Analysis). Special topic modules are carried out at the request of the responsible EU Directorate General. This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and what the European Union's priorities should be. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions about the EU, including sources of information about the EU and whether their country had benefited from being an EU member. Respondents were also asked how informed they were about EU enlargement, their preferred option for the immediate future of the EU as it concerned the enlargement (i.e., whether the EU should include all, some, or none of the countries wishing to join), and whether they agreed or disagreed with statements regarding the EU enlargement (e.g. whether having more countries in the EU would mean more guaranteed peace and security in Europe, whether the EU should financially help future member countries before they join, and whether the EU should reform the way its institutions work before welcoming new members). In addition to the selected standard trend variables (which included additional questions about the perception of and attitudes toward the European Parliament, the European Convention, and the United States of America), the survey also elicited respondents' opinions about the euro and its introduction as the common European currency. Respondents were asked a series of questions about dual pricing (prices in both the euro and their own respective national currency), its usefulness and necessity, whether they felt handling eight coins was complicated, the usefulness of 1- and 2-cent coins, and whether some of the coins should be replaced by notes. General attitudes regarding the euro replacing their national currency and whether the euro made the respondent feel more European were also assessed. Finally, respondents were asked questions about parental leave, more specifically about the attitudes of men toward taking time off from the workforce for parental leave. Questions addressed the main reasons that would encourage or discourage fathers from taking parental leave. Demographic variables include gender, age, marital status, occupation, and household income. Main Topics:Main topics for this round were:trust in national, international and EU institutionsthe European Parliamentenlargement of the EUattitudes towards the European Convention and decision making in the EU the international (political) situation (including attitudes towards the USA)the introduction of the Europarental leave
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European Election Study, 1989The European Election Study 1989 is a survey of the electorates of the member states of the European Community. It focuses in particular on the third direct elections to the European Parliament conducted in June 1989. The dataset contains a selection of questions from three Eurobarometers: Eurobarometer 30 (ZA no.1715) ( UKDA no. 2857), Eurobarometer 31 (ZA no.1750) (UKDA no. 2729) and Eurobarometer 31A (ZA no.1751) (UKDA no. 2915). Main Topics:Judgement on parties, attitude to the EC, political attitudes. Topics: at all three survey times the following questions were posed: election participation at the last national election and intent to participate in the next national election; behaviour at the polls in the last election and party preference; general judgement on the European Parliament and EC Commission; attitude to European unification; judgement on membership of one's own country in the EC and assessment of advantages for the country from EC membership; regret of a failure of the EC; expectations of the European domestic market; issue relevance; postmaterialism; self-classification on a left-right continuum; political interest and interest in EC policies; frequency of political discussions; personal opinion leadership; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; party membership; union membership; religiousness. Also encoded was: date of interview; time of interview; length of interview; willingness of respondent to cooperate; number of persons during the interview. The following questions were posed in only one or two surveys: intent to participate in the European Election 1989; behaviour at the polls in the European Election and if appropriate reasons for non-participation in the election; most important reasons for voting decision; national or European reasons for party election; probability for the election of selected parties in the European Election and at national level; interest in the European Election campaign; evaluation of selected sources of information on the European Election; manner of search for information during election campaign; personal attempts to convince other persons of one's preferred party; frequency of use of television at the time of the election campaign and evaluation of the television election campaign; knowledge about the authority of the European Parliament; judgement on the outcome of the Madrid summit meeting of the European Heads of Government; knowledge about the president of the European Commission; preference for national or party political orientation of the representatives of the EC parliament; preference for national or European decision-making on selected political controversies; attitude to further integration of Europe beyond the European domestic market; national pride; feeling as a European; judgement on European agricultural policy; necessity of EC membership for economic development of one's own country; perceived EC position of selected national parties; expected effects of the European domestic market; issue ability of the parties; most important national problems and events; classification of selected parties on a left-right continuum; media usage; importance of selected fundamental rights and freedoms; concepts of violence (semantic differential); willingness to participation in selected forms of political protest and demonstrations; attitude to use of government force against demonstrators and strikers; attitude to the idea of democracy; preference for democracy or dictatorship; attitude to social change; judgement on the extent of democratic way of working of the EC; agreement with the national government; preferred government for one's own country; importance of local, regional, national and European Parliaments and governments; expected development of the personal situation next year; expectation of strikes and security of peace; judgement on economic development in the last year; contentment with life (scale); judgement on personal living conditions.
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Eurobarometer 69.2: National and European Identity, European Elections, European Values, and Climate Change, March - May, 2008The Eurobarometer (EB) survey series is a unique programme of cross-national and cross-temporal comparative social science research. Since the early seventies representative national samples in all European Union (EU) (formerly the European Community (EC)) member states have been simultaneously interviewed in the spring and autumn of each year. Starting with EB 34.1 (autumn 1990), separate supplementary surveys on special issues have been conducted under almost every EB number. The EB is designed to provide regular monitoring of public social and political attitudes in the EU through specific trend questions. More information about the series may be found on the Zentralarchiv fuer Empirische Sozialforschung (ZA - Central Archive for Empirical Social Research, University of Cologne) Eurobarometer Survey Series web pages. Background Work on European survey series began in early 1970, when the Commission of the European Community sponsored simultaneous surveys of the EC. These surveys were designed to measure public awareness of, and attitudes toward, the Common Market and other EC institutions, in complementary fashion. They also probed the goals given top priority for each respondent's nation. These concerns have remained a central part of the EC's research efforts - which were carried forward in the summer of 1971 with another six-nation survey that gave special attention to agricultural problems. The nine EC member countries were then surveyed again on the same topic areas in September 1973. After 1973, the surveys took on a somewhat broader scope in content as well as in geographical coverage, with measures of subjective satisfaction and the perceived quality of life becoming standard features of the EC public opinion surveys. Over time, the member states of the EC/EU have increased in number, and the coverage of the EB surveys has widened accordingly. In 1974, nine countries were surveyed: France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland and Luxembourg. Greece has been included since the autumn 1980 survey (EB 14) onwards, Portugal and Spain since autumn 1985 (EB 24), the former German Democratic Republic since autumn 1990 (EB 34), Finland since the spring of 1993 (EB 39), and Sweden and Austria since the autumn of 1994 (EB 42). Norway has been included in some surveys since 1991, from EB 36 onwards. In 2004, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia joined the EU, and in 2007, Bulgaria and Romania (some of these countries participated in the Candidate Countries Eurobarometer survey series (see under GN 33343) before full accession). Some surveys are also conducted in Turkey, and in the Turkish Cypriot Community (Northern Cyprus). The Eurobarometer public opinion surveys are conducted on behalf of and co-ordinated by the European Commission, DG Press and Communication - Opinion Polls Sector (European Commission Public Opinion Analysis). Special topic modules are carried out at the request of the responsible EU Directorate General. The following modules are under embargo: National and European Identity (B1 to B5), Party attachment and voting behaviour (D2, D53, D54). The embargos are expected to be lifted no later than April 2010. Main Topics:This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, what their country's goals should be in the next 10 to 15 years, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on globalization and on the European Union (EU), including how well-informed they were about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EU member (or would benefit from being a future member), and the extent of their personal interest in EU matters. Other questions queried respondents about their country's public administration, the transparency of both their own government institutions and those of the EU, and how important they thought transparency was in their functioning. Respondents were asked which countries, specifically Turkey, Croatia, and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, they would favor joining the EU. Another major focus of the surveys was national and European identity. Questions focused on to what extent respondents felt they were a citizen of their region, of their country, of Europe, and of the world, whether they were content with their identity, and their feelings on the importance of being European. For the second major focus of the survey, European elections, respondents were queried about their interest in the elections, whether or not they would vote, the main criteria in making these decisions, and what themes the electoral campaign should focus on. In addition, respondents were asked to name the party they voted for in the European Parliament (EP) elections in June 2004, May 2007, November 2007, and the latest parliamentary elections in their respective countries. For the third major focus, European values and value priorities, respondents were asked to identify their personal values, whether they thought EU member states shared common values, and how close or distant these shared values were. In addition, respondents were asked to select the most important values they associated with the idea of happiness. For the final major focus of the survey, climate change, respondents were queried about their knowledge of and views on climate change, including whether they thought climate change was a serious problem, whether enough is being done to fight it, and the reasons why individuals may or may not take action in fighting climate change. Respondents were also asked to identify the personal actions they have taken regarding climate change and to evaluate the objectives proposed by the EU to limit the impact of climate change. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, nationality, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, left-right political self-placement, strength of party attachment, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (in select countries).