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Distance Education and Community Learning Networks linked by a Library of CultureHumans are relational beings with their modeled behavior as practical examples of cultural routines that they hear, see, read, and assemble on their own from communal pieces of information to answer the needs of their everyday lives (Bandura, & Jeffrey, 1973). Yet few researchers have looked at the differing synthesis of culture and generally assume that others share similar ideas/values that lead to particular events and worldviews (Lillard, p.5 1998). Informational and cultural contact zones can be created to support CLNs, universities, and individuals in a variety of roles to encourage their interactions so they might design, and challenge the fundamentals of these programs and seek to better cooperation amongst the public itself (Tremmel, 2000). By increasing communication and collaboration of educational systems throughout the community will begin to raise the standard of living for all people (Bohn, & Schmidt, 2008). This will begin to draw people out from the digital divide and increase the access of technology and information available to all people with the community. Utilizing CLNs to support and further education will allow an interconnected web of assessments, standards, and cooperative efforts that has the potential of increasing democracy by empowering people from their communities.
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Communicating the Impact of Communication for Development : Recent Trends in Empirical ResearchThe UN Millennium Development Goals call
 for not only greater financial commitment in international
 assistance programs but also innovative strategies to tackle
 the serious economic, health, education, and other basic
 human rights problems in the developing world. This paper is
 organized as follows: Chapter 2 is an overview of key
 theoretical models of development communication. Chapter 3
 describes the characteristic patterns of recent empirical
 studies in development communication in terms of theoretical
 models and types of communication strategies. Chapter 4
 presents some outstanding evidence of the impacts of
 communication on development initiatives. Chapter 5
 discusses weak spots in the evidence. The concluding chapter
 will make suggestions for further research by drawing
 attention to the theoretical, methodological and empirical
 gaps in the existing academic research in development communication.
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Applications of Advanced Metering Infrastructure in Electricity DistributionIn the second half of the 1980s, several electricity companies in developed countries incorporated the automation of the reads of the consumption meters installed in their customers' premises. Adoption of that approach was driven in all the cases by the need to lower the significant costs of in-site reading, reflecting high labor costs in rich countries. There are several AMI options potentially viable for each of the automated meter reading (AMI) applications, covering a wide range in terms of technical and functional specifications of hardware and software. However, the technical and economic feasibility of a specific option crucially depends on the current operational and financial performance of the involved utilities, as well as on other key characteristics (institutional, regulatory, development of communications infrastructure) of the environment in which they operate. It is very clear that, in AMI, one size does not fit all. The applicability and options for applying AMI or smart meters technology to a variety of customer management issues commonly found in public service utilities, in particular in electricity distribution companies, are described and analyzed in this report.