Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010The objective of this policy note is to
 examine the gender dimension of the Egyptian labor market,
 with a focus on identifying the scope for policies to
 improve female labor force participation. An update to the
 Egypt gender assessment report of 2003, it is envisioned as
 a contribution to programmatic work on gender and inclusion
 in Egypt, helping build evidence which can inform policy
 aimed at improving the participation and retention of women
 in the labor force. Analytical and investigative in nature,
 it is the hope that this note will motivate discussion and
 debate among stakeholders in the country. The questions to
 be addressed in the note are also relevant for policy
 discussions and Bank operations in other countries,
 especially those in the Middle East North Africa (MENA)
 region where females face similar challenges to labor force
 participation. Besides laying out the underlying correlates
 of gender gaps in these areas, the report recommended a
 comprehensive list of 'strategic interventions' by
 sector for the government and other development actors, in
 areas such as investment in women's education, the
 re-examination of certain discriminatory provisions in the
 country's legal system, and the promotion of cultural
 norms that value women as equal partners to men. In the
 sphere of women's economic opportunities, the report
 pinpointed vulnerabilities such as high unemployment rates
 (particularly among the more educated), and a
 disproportionate dependence on an already shrinking public
 sector. Highlighting the need for creating productive and
 sustainable jobs for women in the private sector, the report
 suggested initiatives such as increasing women's access
 to training, technology, land, credit and information.
-
International Migration and Gender Differentials in the Home Labor Market : Evidence from AlbaniaThis paper examines the role of
 male-dominated international migration in shaping labor
 market outcomes by gender in migrant-sending households in
 Albania. Using detailed information on family migration
 experience from the latest Living Standards Measurement
 Study survey, the authors find that male and female labor
 supplies respond differently to the current and past
 migration episodes of household members. Controlling for the
 potential endogeneity of migration and for the income
 (remittances) effect, the estimates show that having a
 migrant abroad decreases female paid labor supply and
 increases unpaid work. However, women with past family
 migration experience are significantly more likely to engage
 in self-employment and less likely to supply unpaid work.
 The same relationships do not hold for men. These findings
 suggest that over time male-dominated Albanian migration may
 lead to women's empowerment in access to income-earning
 opportunities at the origin.
-
Demographic Transition and the Labor Market in Sri LankaSri Lanka's demographic transition
 has significantly shaped the age distribution of the labor
 force and created a large working age population (World Bank
 2008). Changing cohort sizes of young and old workers not
 only affect their own labor market outcomes (job quality,
 earnings), but also potentially affect growth prospects in
 the economy. Recovering from a 30-year conflict in the North
 and the East, Sri Lanka aims to accelerate growth in the
 medium term by substantially increasing investments. What
 will be the role of the labor market in delivering this
 growth? The service sector is expanding and accounts for
 nearly 60 percent of the Growth Domestic Product (GDP) and
 almost 40 percent of employment. However, only 56 percent of
 the working age population is employed, a result of low
 participation and high unemployment rates among women and
 youth. Any growth strategy will have to bring in more
 working age people, particularly women, into economic
 activity. The paper is organized as follows. The two
 sections that follow present an overview of the supply and
 demand side of the labor market. The next section discusses
 the ways in which the demographic transition could shape the
 labor market, particularly in terms of unemployment and
 earnings. This discussion is followed by three sections
 examining labor force participation and unemployment, job
 type, and earnings respectively. The last section concludes
 with some policy recommendations.