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Surveying Migrant Households : A Comparison of Census-Based, Snowball, and Intercept Point SurveysFew representative surveys of households
 of migrants exist, limiting the analysis of the effects of
 international migration on sending families. This paper
 reports the results of an experiment designed to compare the
 performance of three alternative survey methods in
 collecting data from Japanese-Brazilian families, many of
 whom send migrants to Japan. The three surveys conducted
 were 1) Households selected randomly from a door-to-door
 listing using the Brazilian Census to select census blocks;
 2) A snowball survey using Nikkei community groups to select
 the seeds; and 3) An intercept point survey collected at
 Nikkei community gatherings, ethnic grocery stores, sports
 clubs, and other locations where family members of migrants
 are likely to congregate. The authors analyze how closely
 well-designed snowball and intercept point surveys can
 approach the much more expensive census-based method in
 terms of giving information on the characteristics of
 migrants, the level of remittances received, and the
 incidence and determinants of return migration.
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International Migration, Economic Development and PolicyThis volume reflects the expansion of the World Bank Research Program on International Migration and Development into new substantive and geographic areas. It presents a new global migration database and includes studies of the determinants and impact of return and circular migration, the impact of the flow of ideas on fertility, host country policies and their impact on immigrants, and the impact of international migration and remittances on poverty and other development indicators. The studies cover countries from Latin America, North Africa, South Asia, the South Pacific, and Western Europe, and show that the impact of migration on education and health tends to benefit girls more than boys, that its impact on labor force participation tends to be stronger for women than men, that return migrants tend to do better than non-migrants, and that fertility has tended to decline in countries whose migration has been to the West and has failed to do so in countries whose migration has been to the Gulf. The purpose of the case studies is to illustrate and clarify many theoretical mechanisms and to advance understanding of the impact of different migration policies, given that introducing policy variables in econometric regressions is generally difficult. Each study in this volume aims to answer a variety of development- and policy-related questions using the most appropriate of these three methodologies. These empirical studies and analyses include exploration of some novel hypotheses; they are also new in terms of the topics selected and the regions/ countries examined
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The Remitting Patterns of African Migrants in the OECDRecorded remittances to Africa have
 grown dramatically over the past decade. Yet data
 limitations still mean relatively little is known about
 which migrants remit, how much they remit, and how their
 remitting behavior varies with gender, education, income
 levels, and duration abroad. This paper constructs the most
 comprehensive remittance database on immigrants in the OECD
 currently available, containing microdata on more than
 12,000 African immigrants. Using this microdata the authors
 establish several basic facts about the remitting patterns
 of Africans, and then explore how key characteristics of
 policy interest relate to remittance behavior. Africans are
 found to remit twice as much on average as migrants from
 other developing countries, and those from poorer African
 countries are more likely to remit than those from richer
 African countries. Male migrants remit more than female
 migrants, particularly among those with a spouse remaining
 in the home country; more-educated migrants remit more than
 less educated migrants; and although the amount remitted
 increases with income earned, the gradient is quite flat
 over a large range of income. Finally, there is little
 evidence that the amount remitted decays with time spent
 abroad, with reductions in the likelihood of remitting
 offset by increases in the amount remitted conditional on remitting.