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PRSPs and BudgetsThis paper synthesizes the findings from
 a series of case studies on the interaction between the PRSP
 process and the budget. The five studies, Bolivia, Burkina
 Faso, Cambodia, Tanzania and Vietnam aim to assess the
 extent to which public finance management and budget
 allocations reflect the principles and content of the
 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PRSP, hence providing
 insights into progress in PRS implementation. The cases also
 shed light on whether the PRSP process itself has fostered
 more accountable, efficient and pro-poor budget processes
 and allocations as of 2003.The PRSP process, with its focus
 on data and information for evidence-based policy-making,
 open and participatory policy-making processes, poverty
 results and country-led donor coordination, alignment and
 harmonization has the potential to significantly improve the
 pro-poor focus and general accountability of budgeting
 processes.The cases confront a number of methodological
 challenges. First, in some countries and sectors, lack of
 appropriate data constrained the extent to which the
 research questions could be fully answered. Second, the PRSP
 remains a relatively recent innovation in all the countries
 studied and we recognize that many of our findings are
 preliminary, and require additional confirmation over time.
 Third, any assessment of the value added of the PRSP
 approach needs to be cognizant of the initial conditions in
 country, both to avoid ascribing successes to the PRSP which
 pre-date its existence, and to temper expectations about
 what the approach can deliver in a relatively short space of
 time given the starting point of each country. To address
 this last challenge, the case studies explicitly acknowledge
 the pre-existing situation in-country and try to assess the
 value added of the PRSP process.The four countries studied
 have a number of common features.Finally, and perhaps most
 importantly, all five countries share a high-level political
 commitment to addressing poverty, although the extent to
 which this commitment permeates throughout government
 agencies varies from country to country.The five countries,
 however, also display many distinctive features. Bolivia and
 Cambodia, for example, both suffer from high degrees of
 political fragmentation, which in Bolivia has manifested
 itself as civil unrest on a number of occasions in the last
 two years. Burkina Faso, Tanzania, and Vietnam, on the other
 hand, benefit from more stable political systems and an
 inherited commitment to pro-poor policies from socialist governments.
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Sierra LeoneThis agriculture public expenditure
 review (AgPER) provides key background information and
 guidance in this endeavor by presenting and analyzing
 historic data on public spending on agriculture, examining
 the efficiency of spending, and identifying areas where
 additional funds can be applied effectively to achieve
 national agricultural policy and comprehensive Africa
 agriculture development program (CAADP) objectives. The
 goals of the AgPER in Sierra Leone are as follows: gain a
 better understanding of the countrys performance in the
 context of the 2003 Maputo declaration; draw lessons from
 the past in terms of budget execution in the agricultural
 sector and identify bottlenecks, inefficiencies, and
 deviations from goals; seek and recommend corrective actions
 for existing and future programs with a view to improving
 their impact and making them more efficient and equitable;
 initiate the implementation of the databases and methodology
 required for conducting similar reviews regularly and thus
 contribute to the institutionalization of the process; help
 the government establish an environment and capabilities for
 results-based management, with particular emphasis on
 improving planning, execution, and monitoring and
 evaluation; and increase visibility for the government and
 the financial and technical partners over the sectors
 absorptive capacity so that the decision may be made to
 allocate more resources to agricultural development. This
 report consists of five chapters: first chapter introduces
 the strategic and institutional context; second chapter
 studies the level of public agricultural expenditure in
 Sierra Leone; third chapter analyzes the economic and
 functional composition of public agricultural expenditure
 (allocative efficiency); fourth chapter assesses the
 technical efficiency of the processes of preparation,
 execution, and monitoring and evaluation of agricultural
 budgets; and fifth chapter contains our findings and recommendations.
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Improving Public Expenditures in AgricultureThe objective of the agricultural sector public expenditure review (AgPER) was to examine the
 efficiency and effectiveness of agricultural sector expenditures in Mongolia. The AgPER provides policy makers with a better understanding of: (a) trends in the level and
 composition of public expenditures in agriculture over the past five to ten years; (b) the economic
 and functional composition of agriculture expenditures; (c) the budget processes and performance in
 the agriculture sector; (d) issues inhibiting the effectiveness and efficiency of public expenditures in
 agriculture.