论生育侵权行为及其救济

Abstract

生育是一个历史性的话题，是伴随着人类的产生就有的行为。自20世纪60年代以来，生育权作为一项基本人权开始进入公众的视野，人们越来越习惯从法律的视角来看生育行为及其后果，现代社会生育问题，已经成为法律问题，尤其在我国，生育权侵权引起的社会纠纷越来越多发，从法律的视角对生育权进行分析，并对生育权侵权及其救济手段进行探究，必将产生深远的意义。 本文除引言和结语外，共分三章，主要内容如下： 第一章主要通过对生育权演化的历史的解读，确认生育权概念为自然人依照法律规定享有的自主决定是否生育子女和生育子女的时间、数量、方式、生育间隔、子女特性的自由，以及获得生育信息、教育与方法的基本民事权利。以此为基础，深入分析了生育权的性质既是宪法权利，也是民事权利；生育权是人格权。此外确认了生育权权能包括生育决定权、生育知情权、生殖健康权、生育隐私权等内容。还分析了侵犯生育权的四个构成要件和归责原则，生育权侵权的归责原则，是确定民事主体是否承担生育权侵权民事责任的基本依据，同时提出了对生育侵权行为的界定及其特点；为分析我国生育权侵权打下基础。 第二章则对生育侵权行为进行类型化归纳，首先综述了类型化划分的依据，由于生育权是公民的人身权，根据侵权行为法的基础理论，依照对生育权侵权主体的不同，可以分为外源性侵权和内源性侵权，并给出了外源性侵权及内源性侵权的定义，由于生育权侵权主体以及侵权行为所基于的法律关系的不同，对内、外源性侵权行为可以采取或者较常使用的救济手段也不一致，因此对生育侵权行为进行类型化归纳、研究，有助于更好地梳理、区分不同的侵权行为类型所能适用的救济手段。继而根据两种侵权行为的不同列举了常见的侵权方式。 第三章则在前两章的基础上，依照生育侵权行为类型的而不同，按外源性侵权和内源性侵权的分类介绍了生育权侵权的具体救济方法，首先归纳出针对内源性侵权的的社会救济和司法救济两种手段，指出由于内源性生育侵权往往发生在夫妻家庭之内，因此以调教为主要手段的社会救济显然必要，而在司法救济手段中结合《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释（三）》及其他司法解释进行了梳理；其次针对外源性侵权指出有行政、民事、刑事三种救济手段，其中民事救济手段又可分为财产性和非财产性两种。通过梳理各种生育侵权行为救济手段，为生育侵权行为的法律规制进行探讨。

Fertility is a historic topic, which is accompanied by the generation of human behavior. Since 1960s, reproductive rights as a fundamental human right begun to enter the public eyes. People are increasingly accustomed to treat reproductive behavior and its consequences from a legal perspective. Fertility problems of modern society have become a legal issue. Especially in China, as the violation of reproductive rights caused by the increasing social disputes, to analyze the reproductive rights from a legal perspective and to inquiry the infringements and remedies, will have profound significances. Besides the introduction and conclusion, this essay is divided into three chapters. The main contents are as follows: Chapter I Through the interpretation on the evolution history of the reproductive rights, confirms the concept of reproductive rights as: a natural person, as recognized by law, is entitled to decide whether to have children, the time, number and manner of giving birth of children, and the characteristics of children by freedom, and is entitled the fundamental rights to access the fertility information, education and methods. On this basis, this chapter analyzes that the nature of reproductive rights is not only constitutional rights, but also civil rights--reproductive rights is right of personality. Moreover, this chapter further confirms the reproductive rights including the right of reproductive decisions, right of birth, right of reproductive health, and right of reproductive privacy etc. It analyzed the four constituent elements and the responsibility principle of the infringement of reproductive rights. The principle of reproductive rights infringement imputation is the fundamental basis to determine whether the civil subject is liable in violation of reproductive rights. Also,this chapter arias the definition of infringement on fertility and the features, which lay a foundation for the analysis of the reproductive rights infringement. Chapter II Classified the type of fertility tort. First it summarizes the basis of classification. Because reproductive rights are personal rights of citizens, according to the basic theory of tort law, the fertility tort can be divided into exogenous infringement and endogenous infringement in accordance with the different infringing subjects, and the concepts of these two types can be defined accordingly. As the infringement subjects and the infringements are based on different legal relations, the remedies you can take or commonly take in internal infringement and exogenous infringement are different as well. So the summarization and research of fertility infringement, can help to teas out and distinguish the different remedies that suits different torts. Then according to the difference of these two infringements, lists the common way of tort. Chapter III This Chapter is based on the previous two chapters, according to the different types of fertility infringements, describes the specific remedies according to the classification of exogenous infringement and endogenous infringement. First summarized two types of remedies for endogenous infringement--social assistance and judicial remedies, figure out that the endogenous fertility tend to occur within the domestic, therefore the social assistance as the main means is apparently necessary. Then in the judicial remedies, this chapter mainly combing “Interpretation (III) of the Supreme People’s Court of Several Issues on the Application of the Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China” and other judicial interpretations. Secondly figure out three kinds of remedies, which are aimed at exogenous infringement --administrative, civil and criminal, and the civil remedies can be divided into property and non-property these two types. By combing the various remedies for violations of fertility rights, discussing the legal regulations of the fertility infringements.

学位：法学硕士

院系专业：法学院_法学

学号：X2010120089