计划生育语境下配偶生育权冲突探讨

Abstract

内容摘要 繁衍生息，是生物的基本属性，任何一个物种的存在，皆以繁衍子嗣为第一要义。没有了物种的传承，任何生命都只能以历史来定义。对于人类社会而言，生育子息则更加重要，因为人类属哺乳动物科，在子嗣的生育上，相较与其他落地便可自理的物种，需要父母耗费更多的精力和时间在孕育与培养上。在我国，生育权被法律认可经历了一段较为漫长的过程。我国是实行计划生育国策的国家，尊重并保护循法缔结婚姻的配偶生育权。这种生育权在夫妻关系内部，我们称之为配偶生育权。本文着重探讨了在计划生育的大环境下，配偶生育权发生冲突的几种司法解决途径，主要从以下几个方面展开： 第一章生育权概述。经过比较目前对生育权的三种定义，找寻符合我国司法现实的定义，同时阐述了学界关于生育权已经形成的观点，即生育权是宪法认可的基本人权，是民事权利，是人格权中的身体权；针对生育权的特点，提出了生育权能分类观点：生育决定权与生育知情权。 第二章《人口与计划生育法》与配偶生育权。《人口与计划生育法》出台，明确了生育权的法律地位，使我国配偶生育权，便有了自己的特色。《婚姻法解释（三）》的出台，明确了司法实务中丈夫一方诉求生育权不予支持的立场，也给生育权纠纷的解决提供了一个新的视角。 第三章配偶生育权存在冲突的情形。根据妻子一方是否怀孕可以分为：配偶生育权合意冲突、怀孕后妻一方擅自堕胎而引发的冲突及第三方因素介入导致的冲突三种情况。本章根据传统的生育权理论分析纠纷的解决途径，同时尝试用《婚姻法解释（三）》提供的新视角切入分析，以期能在实务中收获纠纷的更好解决途径。 第四章完善与建议。配偶生育权的立法已有一段时间，在这期间，民众对生育权有了进一步了解，生育科技方面也有了长足的发展和进步。必要的时候法律应该做相关的修改以切合科技的发展水平。本章在前文分析的基础上，提出相关的完善建议，以期能使目前配偶生育权相关理论完善，并契合计划生育体制下配偶生育权的特点。 一滴水的光芒能够折射一个世界。配偶生育权纠纷的妥善解决，能从一个小家庭的角度反应社会大环境的发展。社会的发展需要人口的支撑，我国有《人口与计划生育法》保驾护航；家庭的发展需要子息繁衍，而生育权在法律的规范下稳步而有保障的被实现，这正是我国法律进步和法治的最好体现。

ABSTRACT Breeding is basic nature of creatures. For every species, the meaning of its existence is breeding. Any living beings will be defined from history if no breeding. For human society, breeding is more important. As we all know, humankind, existing as mammalian, compared to those species whose offspring can take care of themselves once born, our parents need to spend more energy and time on breeding and cultivating. In China, it takes a long time for the spouse’s reproductive rights to be accepted. China is implementing family-planning and respect the spouse’s reproductive rights of legal couples. We name this kind of reproductive rights owned by married couples reproductive rights. This paper mainly discusses several judicial methods of solving conflicts of Spouse Reproductive rights under the condition of family-planning from the following aspects: Chapter One Briefings of Reproductive rights After comparing three definitions about Reproductive rights, seeking for definition which suits Chinese judicial reality and explicating formed views in academics about Reproductive rights, we carefully define Reproductive rights as basic human right, civil right, body right recognized by constitution of humankind. According to characteristics of Reproductive rights, we bring up that Reproductive rights can be classified: Child-bearing Decision Right and Child-bearing Knowing Right. Chapter Two Population and Population and Family Planning Law and Spouse Reproductive rights Published Population and Family Planning Law clearly states the legal status of Reproductive rights and characterizes Chinese Spouse Reproductive rights. Published Marriage Law Interpretation Three clearly states that unsupported standpoint for husbands who appeal for Reproductive rights in judicial practices and provides a total new perspective for solving Reproductive rights conflicts. Chapter Three Types of Spouse Reproductive rights Conflicts Spouse Reproductive rights Conflicts can be classified into three types according to whether wives being pregnant: Spouse Reproductive rights consensus conflict, conflicts caused by abortion decided arbitrarily by wives and conflicts caused by third parties’ interventions. In this chapter, we will analyze solutions to conflicts as per Reproductive rights Theory and meanwhile try to seek for a better solution to practical conflicts as per a new perspective offered by Marriage Law Interpretation Three. Chapter Four Improvements and Advises Spouse Reproductive rights has been legislated for a while, during which period, people form a better understanding of Reproductive rights and reproductive technologies make a big progress. Related laws should be established as per technologies’ developments if necessary. Based on previous analysis, we put forward related improvement advises in this chapter, hoping to improve current related Spouse Reproductive rights theories and suit characteristics of Spouse Reproductive rights published as per the system of family-planning. We can see the world from the shine of a drop of water. Suitable solutions to Spouse Reproductive rights conflicts reflect developments of society from the perspective of a family. Society development needs population’s support which is well protected by Population and Population and Family Planning Law. Family development needs breeding and Reproductive rights is realized steadily by the norm and guarantee of Law which is the best embodiment of law advancements.

学位：法律硕士

院系专业：法学院_法律硕士(JM)

学号：X2009120154