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"For Yours is the Kingdom of God": A historical analysis of liberation theology in the last two decades and its significance within the Christian traditionIn this paper, I seek to prove that although liberation theology has significantly declined in the last two decades, it remains an active movement that has left a lasting mark on Latin America and is ultimately only one part of a social justice initiative within Christianity that will inevitably continue in the future. First, I give a basic overview of liberation theology’s ideology, history, and relationship to the Vatican during liberation theology’s “golden age,” which lasted from the 1960s to the mid-1980s. Second, I explain the decline of liberation theology in the 1990s and 2000s, focusing particularly on repression from the Vatican, changes in the political climate of Latin America, and the rise of Evangelical Protestantism. Third, I discuss the present-day state of liberation theology and its impact on Latin America, looking at social, political, and religious developments that in one way or another are related to liberation theology. Fourth and last, I analyze liberation theology’s roots within Christianity and its significance as a part of the Christian initiative for social justice.
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American Missionaries in Turkey and Northern Syria and the Development of Central Turkey and Aleppo Colleges, 1874-1967From 1820 to 1959 the United States spent almost $400 million dollars to support missionary endeavors in Greater Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran – an amount second only to its investment in Middle East oil. The majority of this work was performed by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the primary American missionary agency in the Middle East. For the most part, however, the story of the American Board and its influence in the region is largely unknown or influenced by political biases. This thesis argues that as American Board representatives faced the pressing realities of the mission field, they gradually began to reinterpret original conceptions of evangelism from a personal conversion level to a new notion of social change and regeneration in society as a whole. The primary method for enacting this system-oriented strategy was the establishment of permanent educational and medicinal institutions. Working in individualized environments these institutions would develop complex and unique strategies to deal with conflicting outlooks on mission goals. Tracing these developments, the thesis attempts to 1) Contribute a fresh perspective to the understanding of the methodology and administration of missionary educational institutions in general, and 2) articulate a concise history of one missionary institution, the Central Turkey College in Aintab, Turkey and its successor, Aleppo College in Aleppo, Syria.
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American Missionaries in Turkey and Northern Syria and the Development of Central Turkey and Aleppo Colleges, 1874-1967From 1820 to 1959 the United States spent almost $400 million dollars to support missionary endeavors in Greater Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran – an amount second only to its investment in Middle East oil. The majority of this work was performed by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the primary American missionary agency in the Middle East. For the most part, however, the story of the American Board and its influence in the region is largely unknown or influenced by political biases. This thesis argues that as American Board representatives faced the pressing realities of the mission field, they gradually began to reinterpret original conceptions of evangelism from a personal conversion level to a new notion of social change and regeneration in society as a whole. The primary method for enacting this system-oriented strategy was the establishment of permanent educational and medicinal institutions. Working in individualized environments these institutions would develop complex and unique strategies to deal with conflicting outlooks on mission goals. Tracing these developments, the thesis attempts to 1) Contribute a fresh perspective to the understanding of the methodology and administration of missionary educational institutions in general, and 2) articulate a concise history of one missionary institution, the Central Turkey College in Aintab, Turkey and its successor, Aleppo College in Aleppo, Syria.