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Zakah index: Islamic economics’ welfare measurementZakah is one of the five pillars of Islam. Compared to the other pillars, Zakah intersects with most the human dimensions: spiritual, individual, social, economic, and is quantifiable. Zakah also fulfills all of the aspect of the Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah that preserves public interests (maslahah). This paper argues that the lack of full observance of the objectives of the obligation in performing Zakah, which is intended to increase the welfare/wellbeing of the society, makes Islamic Economics as a discipline completely ineffective and inefficient in performing its essential characteristics in fulfilling the Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah. The expected outcome of this study is Zakah Index that will represents the monitoring of Zakah payment in Islamic or Muslim populated country, hence providing academics, students, society, and policy maker in Islamic or Muslim populated country an alternative measurement of economic progress, instead of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The method used in the conceptualization of the Index and its derivatives are content analysis and conventional literature. Finally, Zakah Index is intended to be as an Islamic Economics tool to measure not only the welfare/wellbeing of Islamic Society, but also its religious (spiritual). On the last part of the paper, the Zakah Index Model then is applied to the East Java province. Zakah adalah salah satu rukun Islam. Dibandingkan dengan pilar yang lain, zakah bersinggungan dengan hampir seluruh dimensi manusia: spiritual, individual, sosial, ekonomi dan ia dapat diukur. Selain itu, zakah juga memenuhi seluruh aspek Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah yang bertujuan melindungi kepentingan umum (maslahah). Paper ini didasarkan pandangan bahwa minimnya pengawasan kewajiban pembayaran zakah, yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, menjadikan Ilmu Ekonomi Islam sebagai disiplin tidak efektif dan efisien dalam menjalankan karakteristik utamanya untuk memenuhi tujuan Shariah. Luaran dari studi ini adalah Indeks Zakah yang akan merepresentasi pengawasan pembayaran Zakah di Negara Islam atau masyarakat mayoritas muslim, yang dengan demikian menyediakan alternatif pengukuran kemajuan ekonomi bagi pemerintah, akademisi, dan masyarakat daripada menggunakan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Metode penyusunan konsep indeks ini dengan berbagai derivasinya adalah content analysis dan metode induktif yang meliputi literatur Islam dan konvensional. Akhirnya, Indeks Zakah ini dimaksudkan menjadi “tool” Ilmu Ekonomi Islam untuk mengukur tidak hanya kesejahteraan masyarakat muslim, namun juga aspek religiusitasnya. Pada bagian akhir paper ini, model Indeks Zakah ini dipalikasikan di Provinsi Jawa Timur.
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INSTITUTIONAL PATTERNS AND INTEGRATED ZAKAH VILLAGE EMPOWERMENT MODELS IN JEMBERThe potential for Zakah in Indonesia is quite large. Data from Baznas shows that there are around 286 T per year of Zakah data that can be collected from Indonesian Muslims (Mohd Nasir et al. 2016). From such a large potential, the funds collected in 2018 were only around 8.1 T (BAZNAS, 2019). Apart from the challenges of collecting Zakah, there are also challenges for Zakah distribution.This research attempts to analyze the Institutional Patterns and Empowerment Models found in Zakah villages in Jember Regency. With a qualitative approach to data collection methods through observation, documentation and in-depth interviews with the community, village officials, LAZ, BAZ and also policy makers in this case the Ministry of Religion, Jember. And also Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and then carried out data reduction, data coding and data interpretation. The validity test was carried out by triangulating the data in the hope that the best institutional and empowerment models were obtained for the development of Kampung Zakah in Jember district.Keywords: Institutional, Empowerment, Jember Zakah Village.
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Institutional and Empowerment Models of Integrated Zakāh Village in JemberIndonesia has a significant zakāh potential. However, the challenges faced by zakāh management are related to the collection and distribution. This research aims to analyze the institutional patterns and empowerment models of the Integrated Zakāh Village in Jember using the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) theory. Using observations, a document study, Focused-Group Discussions (FGD), and in-depth interviews with the zakāh stakeholders, this research assesses the compatibility of the PRA theory in the development of Kampung Zakāh. This study finds that the obstacles in the Zakāh Village program are related to mustaḥiq's work ethics and enthusiasm. Among the aspects that need to be improved is the promotion of the program through social media to make it a massive community movement. Furthermore, this program empowers marginalized groups, including women, and encourages them to be independent.