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L'« histoire » chez Diderot

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Author(s)
Ottaviani, Thierry

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/677479
Online Access
http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RDE_030_0004
Abstract
Diderot, co-auteur de l’Histoire des Deux Indes, constate le déclin de l’histoire naturelle et prédit un grand avenir à l’histoire philosophique. Ce jugement, déjà préfiguré dans l’Interprétation de la nature, s’inscrit dans une conception cyclique de l’intérêt du public pour les sciences. Pour Diderot lui-même, le tournant se situerait vers 1770 : il conçoit alors l’histoire comme largement anthropologique, tournée vers l’utile, et politique, combattant les tyrannies politiques et religieuses. S’il condamne les anciennes annales, confuses, tendancieuses et contradictoires, il n’en admire pas moins (voir son Essai sur Sénèque) les antiques figures de héros et grands hommes, d’un point de vue moral aussi bien qu’esthétique. Quoi qu’il en soit, des articles de l’Encyclopédie à l’Histoire des Deux Indes, se dessine nettement son évolution vers une histoire « expérimentale ».
‘ History’ in DiderotIn the Histoire des Deux Indes, Diderot affirms that natural history is in decline and predicts a great future for philosophical history. This judgement, already foreshadowed in the Interprétation de la nature in 1753, is part of a cyclical conception of public interest in science. Diderot’s own point of view changed around 1770, when he began to see history as largety anthropological, concerned with utility, and political, fighting against political and religious tyrany. Although he condemned the old chronicles which were confused, biassed and contradictory, he nevertheless admired the classical figures of heroes and great men, from both a moral and aesthetic point of view, as can be seen in his Essay on Seneca. From his articles in the Encyclopédie to his contributions to the Histoire des Deux Indes, we can see the development of bis conception of an ‘experimental’ and philosophical history.
Date
2001
Identifier
oai:cairn.info:RDE_030_0004
http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RDE_030_0004
Copyright/License
Cairn
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