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Le néoconfucianisme au crible de la philosophie analytique

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Author(s)
Vandermeersch, Léon
Keywords
Feng Youlan
Philosophie chinoise
Néoconfucianisme
Zhu Xi
Philosophie ana
lytique
Phénoménologie
Conscience cosmique
Maoïsme
Fung Yu
Lan
Chinese Philosophy
Neoconfucianism
Chu Hsi
Analytic philo
sophy
Phenomenology
Cosmic consciousness
Maoism
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/677502
Online Access
http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=APHI_703_0471
Abstract
Feng Youlan (1895-1990), auteur d’une célèbre Histoire de la philosophie chinoise (Shanghai 1930-33), a voulu refonder le néoconfucianisme de Zhu Xi (1130-1200) en l’accordant à la philosophie analytique. Son Traité de l’Homme (1943) est une phénoménologie de la conscience individuelle, décrite dans chacune des quatre étapes de son ascension vers la sainteté (au sens chinois du mot) : la conscience naturelle, forme originelle de l’être-au-monde, immédiatement présent au réel sans conscience de soi; la conscience intéressée, qui se distancie du réel par un calcul de conduite en vue d’un bonheur égoïste; la conscience morale, naissant d’une prise de conscience de soi comme être-avec-autrui, qui cultive l’altruisme; la conscience cosmique, celle du Saint qui a compris les raisons de toute chose et communie à la Voie du Ciel (Dao). L’un des penseurs chinois les plus sub-tils du siècle dernier, Feng Youlan a été décrédibilisé par sa tonitruante conversion au maoïsme en 1949.
Feng Youlan (Fung Yu-lan, 1895-1990) is the author of a famous History of Chinese Philosophy translated by Derk Bodde in 1937 (1st vol.) and 1953 (2nd vol.). He attempted to breathe new life into the Neo-Confucianism of Zhu Xi (1130-1200) by bringing it into harmony with analytic philosophy. His Essay on Man (1943) is a phenomenology of individual consciousness as it rises to saintliness through four stages: natural consciousness, the primary form of existence in which the mind is immediately aware of the objective world, but without self-consciousness; selfish consciousness, rising above the objective world by calculation, following the quest of self-happiness; moral consciousness, born from the consciousness of oneself as a social being and developing altruism; cosmic consciousness, reaching saintliness through the understanding of the truth of everything and uniting oneself with the Way of Heaven (Dao). Feng Youlan was one of the most outstanding Chinese philosophers of the last century who, however, lost credibility after his well-publicized conversion to Maoism in 1949
Date
2007
Identifier
oai:cairn.info:APHI_703_0471
http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=APHI_703_0471
Copyright/License
Cairn
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