• Academic Cheating in Pesantren: How Self Efficacy, Religiosity, and Academic Integrity Predict Academic Cheating

  Wahidah Iskar Lestari; Rena Latifa; Muthia Rahmah (Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN), 2022-11-01)

  Abstract This research aims to determine the effect of self-efficacy, religiosity and academic integrity on academic cheating in Pesantren. The population of the research is consisted of students MA. Sample are 332 students and sampling technique is carried out using probability sampling, namely purposive sampling technique. The instrument used were ACS (Academic Cheating Scale), GSE (General Self Efficacy), DUREL (Duke Religion Index), and AIS (Academic Integrity Scale). Data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression techniques and for the analysis of the construct validity used to measure instrument is Confimatory Factor Analysis CFA. The results of the study show that the effect of the variables of self-efficacy, the dimensions of organizational and dimensions intrinsic to academic cheating which was moderated by academic integrity are significant. Based on the results of the multiple linear regression with academic integrity as the moderator variable, shows that academic integrity has a significant effect or influence on academic cheating and also has a significant influence in moderating one independent variable, namely the organizational dimension to academic cheating.   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efikasi diri, religiusitas dan integritas akademik terhadap kecurangan akademik di Pesantren. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa MA. Sampel berjumlah 332 siswa dan teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik probability sampling yaitu teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah ACS (Academic Cheating Scale), GSE (General Self Efficacy), DUREL (Duke Religion Index), dan AIS (Academic Integrity Scale). Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik regresi linier berganda dan untuk analisis validitas konstruk yang digunakan untuk mengukur instrumen adalah Confimatory Factor Analysis CFA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh variabel efikasi diri, dimensi organisasi dan dimensi intrinsik terhadap kecurangan akademik yang dimoderatori oleh integritas akademik adalah signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil regresi linier berganda dengan variabel moderator integritas akademik, menunjukkan bahwa integritas akademik berpengaruh atau berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecurangan akademik dan juga memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam memoderasi salah satu variabel independen yaitu dimensi organisasi terhadap kecurangan akademik. How to Cite Lestari, W. I., Latifa, R. Rahmah, M. (2022). Academic Cheating in Pesantren: How Self Efficacy, Religiosity, and Academic Integrity Predict Academic Cheating. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 9(2), 1-18. doi:10.15408/tjems.v9i1.24701.
• Time to Revisit Existing Student’s Performance Evaluation Approach in Higher Education Sector in a New Era of ChatGPT — A Case Study

  Iffat Sabir Chaudhry; Sayed Ahmad M. Sarwary; Ghaleb A. El Refae; Habib Chabchoub (Taylor & Francis Group, 2023-12-01)

  AbstractArtificial intelligence-based tools are rapidly revolutionizing the field of higher education, yet to be explored in terms of their impact on existing higher education institutions’ (HEIs) practices adopted for continuous learning improvement, given the sparsity of the literature and empirical experiments in undergraduate degree programs. After the entry of ChatGPT -a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) tool that uses a deep learning model to generate human-like text response based on provided input—it has become crucial for HEIs to be exposed to the implications of AI-based tools on students’ learning outcomes, commonly measured using an assessment-based approach to improve program quality, teaching effectiveness, and other learning support. An empirical study has been conducted to test the ChatGPT capability of solving a variety of assignments (from different level courses of undergraduate degree programs) to compare its performance with the highest scored student(s). Further, the ChatGPT-generated assignments were tested using the best-known tools for plagiarism detection to determine whether they could pass the academic integrity tests, including Turnitin, GPTZero, and Copyleaks. The study reported the limitations of the Bot and highlighted the implications of the newly launched AI-based ChatGPT in academia, which calls for HEIs’ managers and regulators to revisit their existing practices used to monitor students’ learning progress and improve their educational programs.
• Final Report of the Experts Committee for Human Research Participant Protection in Canada

  Downie, Jocelyn (Schulich Law Scholars, 2008-01-01)

  The Experts Committee for Human Research Participant Protection in Canada presents herewith its final report and recommendations concerning the development of a new comprehensive system in Canada. The final report is the product of some twenty months work. Beginning in September, 2006 and ending February, 2007 the Committee held monthly face-to-face meetings which it supplemented by conference calls and the circulation of draft texts by various members. During the course of its work, the Committee assessed the concerns that had been raised about the existing Canadian governance arrangements and then examined alternative models that might serve to deal effectively with these concerns. It also arranged to receive briefings from a number of organizations with relevant experience and expertise in its field, including the National Council on Ethics in Human Research (NCEHR), the Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics (PRE), the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs (AAHRPP), and the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC). The approach used by the Committee was to build on much work (analysis, consultations and consensus-building) that had been done over the preceding decade, particularly by NCEHR and PRE. Under the auspices of the Sponsors’ Table, a four month public consultation process was conducted. This process received 104 submissions totaling over 600 pages of comments. The Committee took seriously these comments as is evident in the changes in the final report. The Committee’s objective in developing its proposals was to achieve, not perfection, but workability. In our view, the most important thing at this stage is to put in place the best set of measures that can be devised and then let them evolve in the light of experience. The Committee’s conclusions and recommendations are set out in this report. The comprehensive system and organization that it proposes would, in the Committee’s judgment, provide the most effective way of enhancing the protection of human research participants in Canada.
• The Therapeutic Misconception: A Threat to Valid Parental Consent for Paediatric Neuroimaging Research

  Hadskis, Michael; Kenny, Nuala; Downie, Jocelyn; Schmidt, Matthias; D'Arcy, Ryan (Schulich Law Scholars, 2008-01-01)

  Neuroimaging research has brought major advances to child health and well-being. However, because of the vulnerabilities associated with neurological and developmental conditions, the parental need for hope, and the expectation of parents that new medical advances can benefit their child, pediatric neuroimaging research presents significant challenges to the general problem of consent in the context of research involving children. A particular challenge in this domain is created by the presence of therapeutic misconception on the part of parents and other key research stakeholders. This article reviews the concept of therapeutic misconception and its role in pediatric neuroimaging research. It argues that this misconception can compromise consent given by parents for the involvement of their children in research as healthy controls or as persons with neurological and developmental conditions. The article further contends that therapeutic misconception can undermine the research ethics review process for proposed and ongoing neuroimaging studies. Against this backdrop, the article concludes with recommendations for mitigating the effects of therapeutic misconception in pediatric neuroimaging research.
• Making ethical deliberations public: Some provisional resources for youth research ethics

  Kitty te Riele (14750800); Brooks, R (15541406) (2012-01-01)

  The focus of this special edition of Youth Studies Australia is on questions, issues, challenges and (tentative) solutions in relation to ensuring that research with young people is conducted ethically. This introductory paper by the guest editors of this edition draws on ethical principles as outlined in the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Research Involving Humans and in the Fairbridge Code of Ethics for youth work. The authors explain how these principles can inform ethical youth research. In the process, they weave through comments to and from the remaining five papers, providing an authentic touchstone for the principles, as well as recommending the papers to you.
• Difficulty Of Studying Racism And Xenophobia In Modern Western European Academia: The Case Of France

  Tulun, Teoman Ertuğrul (2023-05-27)

  The French academic landscape has been increasingly confronted with contentious debates surrounding the concept of "Islamo-leftism" and the potential influence of foreign states in higher education and research institutions. This paper intends to provide a snapshot introduction to these issues, focusing on the role of key political figures, implications for the study of race and racism in academia, and potential consequences for academic freedom in France. In addition, a fact-finding mission initiated by the "Rassemblement des democrats, progressistes et independants (RDPI)" (The Rally of Democrats, Progressive, and Independent) group in July 2021, under the chairmanship of Senator Etienne Blance and rapporteur Senator André Gattolin, investigated non-European state influences in the French university and academic world. The report from this mission formulated 26 recommendations grouped into five objectives to prepare France and its institutions for the struggle to preserve and better protect the French scientific heritage, academic freedoms, and research integrity from potential foreign interference.
• Difficulty Of Studying Racism And Xenophobia In Modern Western European Academia: The Case Of France

  Teoman Ertuğrul Tulun (8535489) (2023-04-28)

  The French academic landscape has been increasingly confronted with contentious debates surrounding the concept of "Islamo-leftism" and the potential influence of foreign states in higher education and research institutions. This paper intends to provide a snapshot introduction to these issues, focusing on the role of key political figures, implications for the study of race and racism in academia, and potential consequences for academic freedom in France. In addition, a fact-finding mission initiated by the "Rassemblement des democrats, progressistes et independants (RDPI)" (The Rally of Democrats, Progressive, and Independent) group in July 2021, under the chairmanship of Senator Etienne Blance and rapporteur Senator André Gattolin, investigated non-European state influences in the French university and academic world. The report from this mission formulated 26 recommendations grouped into five objectives to prepare France and its institutions for the struggle to preserve and better protect the French scientific heritage, academic freedoms, and research integrity from potential foreign interference.
• Akademinis integralumas: nuo abstraktaus kalbėjimo apie akademinį sąžiningumą – prie jo vadybos

  Vasiljevienė, Nijolė (2014)

  Straipsnyje pristatoma integralumo samprata, jos platesnio taikymo galimybės Lietuvos universitetuose bei analizuojamos etikos institucionalizacijos problemos, siejant jų sprendimo būdus su akademinio integralumo vadyba. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti, jog integralumas organizacijų veiklose turi apibrėžtas prasmes, o akademinio integralumo įgyvendinimą lemia tam tikri universiteto organizaciniai procesai, moksliškai pagrįstas etikos infrastruktūros formavimas, t. y. tikslinga integralumo vadyba. Autorė fiksuoja egzistuojančias sociokultūrines nuostatas, kurios determinuoja mentalinius bei institucinius trukdžius integralumo koncepto taikymui, aiškina, jog instrumentinis akademinio integralumo diegimas naikina atotrūkį tarp deklaruojamų vertybių ir faktų, neatitiktis tarp priimtų etikos kodekso normų ir jų įgyvendinimo praktikoje, vadinasi, tikslinga integralumo vadyba padeda įveikti akademines ydas ir institucines disfunkcijas, griaunančias aukštojo mokslo kokybę, prestižą ir patikimumą. Straipsnyje keliama problema, kaip taikant etikos vadybos priemones formuoti akademinį integralumą, tuo konstruojant sistemą, kuria visuomenė gali užtikrintai remtis, tvirtai pasitikėdama aukštojo mokslo diplomais, universitetų kredencialais, rengiamų specialistų kompetencijomis ir profesionalumu.
• Ethics and Education Research

  Brooks, R (15541406); Kitty te Riele (14750800); Maguire, M (15742685) (2014-01-01)

  No description available
• Formal frameworks as resources for ethical youth research

  Kitty te Riele (14750800) (2013-01-01)

  No description available
• Making ethical deliberations public: Some provisional resources for youth research ethics

  Kitty te Riele (14750800); Brooks, R (15541406) (2012-01-01)

  The focus of this special edition of Youth Studies Australia is on questions, issues, challenges and (tentative) solutions in relation to ensuring that research with young people is conducted ethically. This introductory paper by the guest editors of this edition draws on ethical principles as outlined in the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Research Involving Humans and in the Fairbridge Code of Ethics for youth work. The authors explain how these principles can inform ethical youth research. In the process, they weave through comments to and from the remaining !ve papers, providing an authentic touchstone for the principles, as well as recommending the papers to you.
• Exploring Ethical Issues in Youth Research: An Introduction

  Brooks, R (15541406); Kitty te Riele (14750800) (2013-01-01)

  This special issue is devoted to exploring some of the ethical dilemmas that confront youth researchers. Although scholars who conduct research with other social groups obviously have to engage with important ethical issues in their own work, there are a number of ethical issues that are often seen as specific to young people. As Heath et al. (2009) have argued, in general these relate to the contextual factors which differentiate youth research from other forms of social research. These can be identified as: the way in which the lives of many young people are structured by various age-related institutions and contexts and framed by age-related policies; the construction of youth as a critical period for development and transition, which often leads to widespread concern with the monitoring of young people’s lives; and the relative powerlessness of young people as a social group within the research process for reasons which are often specific to their life phase (Heath et al., 2009). The five articles that comprise this special issue cannot, inevitably, discuss all of the ethical dilemmas that may arise in youth research as a result of these contextual factors. When taken together, they do, however, cover a variety of geographical contexts and methodological approaches. The empirical research reported in the articles was conducted in Australia, Canada, the United States and three nations of the United Kingdom (UK) (England, Scotland and Wales), and covers the following research methods: online research, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, restudies, visual methods and ethnography. In the sections that follow, we briefly introduce the five articles. We then outline three of the key themes that emerge from the special issue articles. These not only address important issues in youth research but also articulate with wider debates about the nature of ethical practice across the social sciences more generally.
• The ethical petri-dish: recommendations for the design of university science curricula

  Jo-Anne Kelder (14740891); Susan Jones (14740567); Johnson, L (15491768); Tina Acuna (14729986) (2020-01-01)

  Ethics (thinking and practice) is intrinsic to the nature of science. Ethical practices within science-related professions are mandated by policies, frameworks, standards and cultural norms. A scientist should also consider the broader implications for society when applying scientific knowledge.
• Engaging learned societies in promotion of open science and responsible research

  Pölönen, Janne; Late, Elina (2023-05-24)

  Since the 17th century, learned societies - voluntary non-profit organizations involving academics - have existed for the advancement of scholarship, research, disciplines, publishing and public understanding of science. Publishing scientific journals and books has traditionally been an important part of the activities of learned societies but they also take other various activities including arranging conferences, supporting research, and popularizing knowledge. The most well-known learned societies are the national science academies, in which membership is typically based on invitation and merit. However, there also exists a much broader archipelago of local, national and international societies, whose membership is open to all academics, and often also to interested professionals and citizens. In English-language literature, a learned society can also be referred to as a learned/scholarly/scientific association or scholarly society. Occasionally, the term professional society is also used. We have estimated in a working-paper that there are around 9000 learned societies in Europe (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5513560). In historical perspective, learned societies constitute, along with universities and other kinds of research performing organizations, the foundation of contemporary academia. International Survey on Research Integrity (IRIS: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XB9RK) provides the broadest available indication of the continued relevance of learned societies. Over 82% of 60,885 active researchers from Europe, United States and other countries, who in 2021 answered the IRIS survey question concerning professional societies, identified at least “a little bit” with the societies, and 62% identified “moderately”, “a lot” or “a great deal”. Yet, surprisingly little information and research exists on their current number, forms of organizations and operation, or contributions to scientific and societal impact of research in specific countries, regions or globally. While more attention has been paid to the obstacles and challenges for promoting open access in the landscape of learned society journals, next to nothing is known or said about the (potential) role of learned societies in the area of responsible research, including research integrity and research assessment. However, we argue that these societies create networks of scholars and professionals and have discipline specific expertise on scholarly activities that should be exploited more. In this paper we address the following questions: 1. What role does open science and responsible research play in societies’ activities? 2. Do the members expect open science and responsible research to be part of the societies’ activities? To answer these questions, we would need a global review of learned societies, their activities and membership. The scope of our present study is mainly focused on Finland, from which we have a comprehensive report in 2019 (https://doi.org/10.23847/isbn.9789525995190). Besides Finland, one survey study has covered learned societies in Portugal, and another one social science societies in the UK. Methods and data We provide data from Finland and from Finnish societies. Currently, almost 300 societies are members of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies (TSV), and they have more than 250,000 individual members (Finland has a population of 5,5 million). Recently TSV collected two broad datasets from its member societies and the individual members of these societies.The first dataset (N=114 unique societies) concerns the actions related with responsible research of learned societies. The second dataset (N=1540 individual members of learned societies) concern the membership of the societies. By integrating these two datasets we are able to provide insight about the open science and responsible research activities from the viewpoint of the societies and their membership. Results Over 94% of 114 learned societies in Finland, who answered the survey in 2021, indicated that the promotion of scientific activities is a major part of their activities, followed by the promotion of general understanding of science and societal impact. Generally speaking, the promotion of responsible research and open science has not yet become a key part of learned societies’ operations. Yet around 70 per cent of the societies participate in developing open science, 60 per cent publish immediately openly available publications. However, activities linked to research integrity, open data, open education and citizen science are rarer. Nevertheless, the majority of societies were interested in developing their activities in one or more areas of responsible research: identifying and proposing experts to working groups, committees or as evaluators (65 % of societies), promoting open science and organizing events (more than 50 %), evaluating the quality of research (more than 40 %), assessment of social impact, science education and research ethics (approx. 30 %). The membership of the learned societies regards traditional forms of operation, such as networking, publications, events and the popularization of science as the most important parts of the societies’ operations. Over 90 per cent of the respondents agreed at least partially with the statement that the promotion of the openness of research-based knowledge is important, and more than 80 per cent agreed that this should be free of charge to the readers. Almost 90 percent of the respondents agreed at least partially with the statement that the promotion of research integrity should be an important task of societies, and almost 80% agreed also on the importance of responsible assessment of researchers and research quality. Almost 60% agreed on the promotion of citizen science, while 45% agreed that producing open learning materials is an important task of societies. Significance Our case study in Finland shows that societies are active in the most traditional forms of open science, such as open access publishing. Publication activities are indeed one of the learned societies’ key forms of operation, and a significant proportion of learned societies’ publications already complies with the principles of open science. The societies have been important enablers and promoters of open, non-profit and scientific publication activities without author fees (so called Diamond OA) in Finland. Other forms of open science and responsible research are not yet established but highly supported by the members of the societies. The perceptions from the membership should guide the future development of the societies. Data on society memberships shows that learned societies represent the science community on a broad scale in terms of age, field of education, work organization and place of residence. The networks created by the societies are cross-organizational and often international and provide a unique resource for identifying experts of different domains and creating collaboration between the domains. Thus, societies have a great potential in implementing and developing field-specific open science practices through engagement of researchers at the grass-root level towards a more responsible direction. Policy makers, research performing and funding organizations could develop more strategic collaboration with learned societies as a valued intermediary between science and society.
• Ethical issues in research on substance-dependent parents:The risk of implicit normative judgements by researchers

  Snoek, Anke; Horstkoetter, Dorothee (2018-11)

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• Volunteers for clinical trials: from the history of abuses and exploitation to the inclusion movement, and to an income resource

  Christiane Druml (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Health Law Program, 2021-09-01)

  Medical research is essential to develop new and better therapies, increase social standards and a better life for all of us. Scientific curiosity has helped to achieve many successful innovations, but history also demonstrates that research can lead to abuses of individuals neglecting autonomy and integrity of the human being. Since the 1960ies we have witnessed a continuous development of international regulations and ethics guidelines (soft law) in medical research, leading to a higher quality of scientific results. An important focus lies on recognizing human vulnerability and a therefore adapted informed consent procedure. Our modern clinical trials structure requires the inclusion of healthy volunteers in the first phases of the development of a new medicinal product, leading to new ethical questions and challenges. The Corona-Pandemic has accelerated vaccine development in a successful way also leading to a new importance of healthy volunteers in the medical research landscape.
• Dr. Cézanne and the Art of Re(Peat)Search: Competing Interests and Obligations in Clinical Research

  Bluhm, Robyn; Downie, Jocelyn; Nisker, Jeff (Schulich Law Scholars, 2010-01-01)

  Clinician researchers have a number of roles, each of which carries specific obligations. There are times when these obligations may be in competition (up to and including conflict) with each other. Using a narrative case study that describes a group of colleagues discussing their clinical department&#39;s participation in an industry-sponsored research protocol, we illustrate a number of the obligations faced by clinician researchers, and discuss how competing interests and obligations can lead to ethical problems. The case study is followed by a discussion of the effect of university–industry relations on competing interests and obligations in both clinical research and the role of the university, and a suggested framework that could be used to determine when university involvement in commercial research is ethically acceptable.
• Incidental Findings and the Minimal Risk Standard in Pediatric Neuroimaging Research

  Schmidt, Matthias; Hadskis, Michael; Downie, Jocelyn; Marshall, Jennifer (Schulich Law Scholars, 2015-01-01)

  In the present paper, we revisit the minimal risk standard to identify an appropriate benchmark for the nature and magnitude of risk associated with incidental findings (IFs). We review the limited published information on IFs in healthy children who have participated in magnetic resonance (MR) neuroimaging research to date in order to determine the spectrum and frequency of reported IFs. We then categorize IFs broadly according to their implications for participant health and discuss their management, including disclosure. We conclude that IFs in pediatric MR neuroimaging research can meet the minimal risk standard in the best-case scenario, but not in the worst-case scenario. The true risk associated with IFs likely lies somewhere between these two extremes, with IFs distributed among the categories of benefit, minor harm, and major harm in as-yet-unknown proportions. Much depends on the imaging protocol that researchers use and the degree of scrutiny to which they subject images. Much also depends on their approach to management, including diagnosis, disclosure, and referral.
• Narratives of school library education and research: Examinations of diversity, representation, and ethics

  Morris, Rebecca J.; Soulen, Rita Reinsel; Shasteen, Ruth; Steiger, Sarah; Green, Lucy Santos; Johnston, Melissa P. (2022-10)

  Researchers will share two papers exploring School Library topics interpreting the 2022 conference theme, Go Back and Get It: From One Narrative to Many. This interactive SIG session includes the presentation of papers, followed by open dialogue regarding issues raised by the papers, potential implications for practice and research, and future areas for research and collaboration. The 2022 session will include the following presentations: iSchool/CPS Cohort: Partnership Model for Increasing Diversity and Cultural Relevance in School Librarianship. Through a dynamic and committed partnership between the Chicago Public Schools' Department of Curriculum, Instruction and Digital Learning and the School of Information Sciences in the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, the iSchool/CPS cohort of 20 diverse Chicago Public Schools' content area classroom educators was recruited to complete requirements for adding the Illinois Library Information Specialist endorsement to their teaching licenses. This project is a shared commitment to our roles in advocating for certified school librarians in Illinois schools, focused on developing workforce skills, recruiting diverse representation to school librarianship, and meeting the needs of the students in Illinois. Upending Systems of Injustice: Educating Future School Library Researchers on Ethical Publishing for Scholarly Research. Publicly available publication ethics guidelines and policies are vital in creating a transparent process that prevents unethical research, publication misconduct, manipulation of the communication of research to practitioners, and the erosion of public trust. This study investigated how these unethical practices, specifically those coded as editorial misconduct, bring the authenticity and integrity of the library and information science academic research digital record into question. Employing a multi-layered approach, including key informant interviews, researchers determined the frequency and the content of ethical publishing policies and procedures in library and information science journals; exploring the ways editorial misconduct most severely impacted library and information science researchers of color, and school library researchers. Findings were used to develop recommendations for school library educators and practitioners facing these issues.
• Engaging ethics education - exploring the potential of the Values Exchange decision making software: A case study.

  Lees, A; Godbold, R (2011-07-06)

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