祭禮儀式中的象徵、隱喻及其展現的氣氛、身體與教化課題－以三禮書為探討核心

Abstract

計畫編號:NSC101-2410-H006-057-MY2

執行機構:國立成功大學中國文學系

研究期間:2013-08~2014-07

[[abstract]]本文主要透過三禮書及先秦相關典籍，探討先秦時期祭禮儀式中透過眾多氣味以歆饗神祇，其中所反映的氣、魂魄、身體之密切關係，以及儀式情境中氣味帶來的強烈身體經驗與感受，其中所蘊含的轉化氣血之工夫與德行、教化課題。本文首先就禮書之祭儀中有關氣味於儀式中具有的意義和功效進行分析。其次，對於祭禮儀式中所尚之氣味與其時之魂魄觀進行探討。並透過尚血氣及德氣(「明德唯馨」)等角度，探討由原始祭儀重血腥之氣向德行之氣的轉向。第三，就先秦經籍中有關天地之氣與氣味、血氣的關係進行分析。說明氣味於教化理想中的重要性。第四，探討典籍中如何透過氣味以進行德行隱喻、透過體氣以隱喻心性狀態。在此基礎上探討氣味所營造的共通及整體感之於教化的意義。第五部分，就執禮者的工夫來看，祭祀儀式中透過具體備辦法器、齋戒、祭祀過程，使心性保持專注及敬誠的狀態。探討儀式中之整體氣氛如何使執禮者體驗至誠與敬心，並探討此敬、誠之體驗奠基於強烈之身體經驗與情感，透過情之感通，使得禮之協於天地之性、身體、情性之過程能夠不陷入形式之僵化，而成就生機流動、情氣通感的理想禮樂世界。

[[abstract]]This essay focuses on the body experience and feeling during the atmosphere of rites and the transformation of situation of life when bodies interact in the rites. Since the circumstance and atmosphere are connected a lot, the odor of food is related most directly with body and Qi among sound, image, and flavor. Although odor has no specific image, it can fill the space and make changes to body’s feeling and awareness unconsciously. It also affects the Qi in body then affects people’s mind and speech. Furthermore it involves the issue of body’s sense and emotion and has significance on the enlightenment affairs.Viewing the order of this article, this essay firstly analyzes the data about sacrificial rites in the books of rites and discusses the relationship among the odor used in sacrificial rites, the sense of body, and the circumstances of culture. Secondly it inquires into the interaction with ancestors or deities through the use of odor. In addition, clansmen were harmonized by sharing the sacrifices and their odor in the end of the rite. In the third part, it analyzes the relationship with Qi of nature and odor, blood, and temper in the ancient literature of Qin and the Han dynasty. Finally, it probes into the atmosphere which makes people generate sincerity and respect in rites. This experience of sense of universe, sincerity and respect is not only the basic of etiquette, but also the basic of ethics and the training of temper.