On respect, contractualism, and moral problems

Abstract

The thesis is concerned with respect as a fundamental moral notion, forms of Kantian contractualism as the most prominent contemporary moral theory being basically concerned with respect and problems of motivation and scope that are put forward against contractualist theories. The thesis aims to defend the contractualist theory of T.M. Scanlon against objections that are ultimately grounded in the acceptance of Humean theories of motivation. Consequently, the thesis is concerned with defending an alternative theory of motivation of the Kantian sort that can establish and secure the practicality and scope of contractualist theories. Furthermore, the thesis will elaborate on the nature of Kantian moral agency and its implications for moral theory. Ultimately, these investigations should vindicate respect as a fundamental moral notion and therefore the content as well as the authority of contractualist principles.