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Ética y multiculturalismo: la actualidad de la tradición en la ley natural

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Author(s)
Peris Cancio, José Alfredo
Keywords
Ontología
enfoque a la ley natural centrado-en-el-mundo
contenido de la teoría de la ley natural
bienes básicos
estructura de la teoría de la ley natural
razonamiento práctico
principios guía para la decisión moral
Ontology
world-centred approach to natural law
content of a natural law theory
basic goods
structure of a natural law theory
practical reasoning
moral decision guiding principles
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/738462
Online Access
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=5625408
Abstract
There are two methodologically distinct but complementary ways of approaching natural law theory. One is a mainly agent-centred approach, focusing on practical reasoning and the intelligibility of action, paying attention to human tendencies and inclinations. Th e other, more traditional and mainly world-centred approach, focuses on the metaphysics of the good by means of an analysis of human nature and human faculties, and of the way in which the good must be structured for it to be an object of human pursuit, more specifi cally, a foundation for moral decision- making. In this paper I take a primarily world-centred approach to fundamental questions of content and structure. First, looking at some typical examples from natural law theorists of lists of the basic goods, I analyse various members that they have proposed to see what the correct list must contain. Next, I look at questions concerning how the natural law must be structured, in particular whether the list of basic goods is fi nite, whether there is a supreme or superordinate good, and what kinds of hierarchical relations within and across goods must exist in order for the basic goods to serve as a foundation for practical reasoning about morality. Th e general conclusions I draw are, fi rst, that ontology must be taken seriously, and miscategorization avoided, when identifying basic goods; secondly, that the structure of the good requires a system of principles enabling various kinds of comparative judgment within and across goods, in order for natural law theory to serve as a basis for guiding concrete moral decisions.
Hay dos vías metodológicamente distintas, pero complementarias, de acercarse a la teoría de la ley natural. Una es un enfoque principalmente centradoen- el-agente, que se concentra en el razonamiento práctico y la inteligibilidad de la acción y presta atención a las inclinaciones y tendencias humanas. El otro enfoque, más tradicional y principalmente centrado-en-el-mundo, se concentra en la metafísica del bien, mediante un análisis de la naturaleza humana y sus facultades y del modo en que ha de ser estructurado el bien, a fi n de convertirse en un objeto nuestro de búsqueda, y más específi camente, en un fundamento de la toma de decisiones morales. En este artículo, adopto un enfoque centrado-en-el-mundo respecto a cuestiones fundamentales de contenido y estructura. Mirando, en primer lugar, a algunos ejemplos típicos de las listas de bienes básicos, elaboradas por los teóricos de la ley natural, analizo diversos candidatos (propuestos por ellos) a la lista correcta. Luego, me centro en cuestiones relativas a cómo hay que estructurar la ley natural, en particular, si la lista de bienes básicos es fi nita, si hay un bien supremo o superordenador y qué tipos de relaciones jerárquicas han de existir �en el interior de los bienes básicos y entre ellos�, a fi n de que los bienes básicos sirvan como fundamento para el razonamiento práctico sobre la moralidad. Las conclusiones generales que extraigo son: en primer lugar, que hay que tomar en serio la ontología y evitar los errores categoriales, al identifi car los bienes básicos; en segundo lugar, que la estructura del bien exige un sistema de principios que hagan posible los diversos tipos de juicios comparativos en el interior de los bienes básicos y entre ellos, a fi n de que la teoría de la ley natural sirva como base para guiar decisiones morales concretas.
Date
2008
Type
text (article)
Identifier
oai:dialnet.unirioja.es:ART0001021922
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=5625408
(Revista) ISSN 1887-9853
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