ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ГРАЖДАНСКО-ПРАВОВОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА ПРИЧИНЕНИЕ ВРЕДА ДЕЙСТВИЯМИ РОБОТА КАК КВАЗИСУБЪЕКТА ГРАЖДАНСКО-ПРАВОВЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

Abstract

Статья посвящена гражданско-правовой ответственности за причинение вреда действиями автономных роботов. Развитие искусственного интеллекта, широкое применение автономных аппаратов приводят к появлению проблем технического и этического характера, в том числе актуальной становится проблема правового регулирования отношений робот человек и робот робот. В работе предложены общетеоретические положения, относящиеся к классификации обязательств из причинения вреда действиями роботов, рассмотрены специальные случаи ответственности за причинение вреда отдельными видами роботов.

The article is devoted to civil liability for damages in tort as a result of autonomous robot. There are many technical and ethical problems due to great variety of robots, rapid evolution of artificial intelligence, wide use autonomous vehicles. The problem of legal regulation of relations man-robot and robot-robot becomes increasingly actual.63Е.Н. Ирискина, К.О. БеляковThe article provides an overview of the current state of robotics in terms of autonomous systems with artificial intelligence. It describes the basic cases of real autonomous robots.The authors propose a classification that divides all the robots into two types depending on the presence or absence of artificial intelligence. On this basis, it is proposed to introduce the definition of «Robot» as a term characterizing the autonomous robot with artificial intelligence.Among the person responsible for causing damage it is proposed to allocate the following persons: the inventor, the software engineer, the manufacturer, the owner/the user, a third party.The authors propose to enter the qualifier of damages in tort. As part of theclassifier it is proposed to enter the appropriate category. To enter in the definitions category of tort liability: Category A, Category B, Category C. To enter in the definitions categories according to the level of damage: the first category, the second category, the third category. To enter in the definitions categories of persons responsible for damages: Category I, Category II, Category III, Category IV. Depending on the industry in which the damage incurred, it is proposed to allocate a category by industry. If the action is made by Robots in conditions not covered by the code (including category by industry), then it is assigned a «0». For these categories will take the existing Russian Classification of Economic Activities.Examples include situations that have taken place in reality and as possible typical situations. The authors performed analysis of situations on the proposed classifier concludes the person responsible for damages in tort.General theoretical provisions referred to the classification of damages in tort as a result of robot performance are given. The introduction of this classifier can reduce procedural costs in the courts of cases involving damage to a robot, until the introduction to the civil law the Robot as the quasi party of civil matters. Events ofspecial liability have been considered.