Keywords
e-Learning;Learning Object;metadata;SCORM CAM;authoring system;Relation Ontology數位學習;學習物件;metadata;SCORM CAM;教材編輯系統;關係本體論
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http://nchuir.lib.nchu.edu.tw/handle/309270000/114865Abstract
[[abstract]]隨著資訊科技與通訊技術的進步,藉由網路來進行學習活動,已經形成一種新的學習模式,因此數位學習(e-Learning)相關領域研究,已經變成一個很重要的課題。 網路環境上所擁有的資源(resources)已不再是以往的短少缺乏,而是已經成為一個巨大的知識庫(knowledge base),這些資源可能是一個網頁、一個學習物件(Learning Object, LO)或是一些影片動畫等。為了要能夠讓這些資源在使用上更為有效,metadata 已經被用來定義出資源本身的內含語義以及資源間的連結關係,其目的就是要能夠提升資源的可重複使用性(reusability)。 在數位學習的研究領域中,如何增加學習物件的可重複使用性是相當重要的,為了達到這個目的,Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) 制定了共享式教材物件參考模型(Sharable Content Object Reference Model, SCORM)來保證學習物件能夠在不同的學習平台下重複使用。但由於所定義的 metadata 太過繁雜,許多教材編輯者在填寫 metadata 的過程中會有所困難,甚至不願意填寫,造成學習物件的可重複使用性降低。為了解決上述的問題,教材編輯系統(Authoring Systems)被發展出來,這些教材編輯系統可以幫助編輯者在編寫教材時,填入適當的 metadata 元素,讓教材的編輯過程變得更為簡單,也因此能夠增加學習物件的可重複使用性。 從過去的研究中發現 "RELATION" 是一個相當重要的 metadata,且在 Lu 與 Hsieh 的研究中更是提出關係本體論(Relation Ontology)來有效增進學習物件之間的可重複性使用性,然而現有的教材編輯系統中並未支援 Relation Ontology。除此之外,我們也發現到在 Lu 與 Hsieh 的研究中僅以學習者的角度去探討關係而忽略了編輯者的角度。因此在本研究中,將要設計與實作出一套教材編輯系統,除了能夠支援 SCORM 所制定的 CAM metadata 之外,還試圖能夠支援 Relation Ontology 所定義的 metadata 以及其應用方式,且同時也將以編輯者的角度來探討關係。 我們透過問卷調查的方式來瞭解編輯者對於加入關係學習物件的使用,對學習者的學習成效是否有所幫助。從調查結果中顯示,我們得知編輯者認DEMONSTRATION、 EXAMPLE 和 ILLUSTRATION 三個關係在提升學習者學習成效上具有顯著水準,因此我們建議編輯者在編寫教材時,可以多提供這三個關係的學習教材。最後,為了減少編輯者在編寫教材上的負擔,我們除了去除一些不具效用水準的關係以外,同時也整理分析一些會帶給編輯者在使用上有所困擾的關係,在經討論之後給予去除或是保留。[[abstract]]With the advancement of information and communication technologies, learning with the network, has already become a new generation of computer-based learning environment. Therefore, the development of e-Learning related technologies has become an important research area. Today, networks can be seen as a large-scale knowledge base which contains a huge amount of sharable resources. A sharable resource can be a web page, a learning object (LO), audio and video, etc. It is found that, if relationships among resources can be clearly defined, the reusability of network resources can be significantly increased. One of the major challenges in e-Learning research is to increase the reusability of LOs. In order to achieve this purpose, Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) was developed by Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative (ADL) to ensure LOs can be reused among various learning management systems. However, the recommended metadata are complicated, and, as a result, many authors abandon filling in metadata. This problem has affected the reusability of LOs. To resolve the problem, authoring systems were developed. They can help authors to fill in appropriate metadata elements while editing a LO. Moreover, they can make simplification of authoring tasks and enhance the reusability of LOs. From previous research, it is found that "RELATION" is an important metadata. With the Relation Ontology proposed by Lu and Hsieh, it is easy to describe the relationships between LOs and LOs as well as the relationships between LOs and their corresponding learning topics. Although it is important to be able to describe the relationships among learning resources, it is not supported in existing authoring systems. Moreover, it is only with the learners'' view in the research of Lu and Hsieh, and is not considered the authors'' view. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to develop a web-based authoring system. The design, implementation, and application of the proposed relations are described. In addition to SCORM CAM metadata, the developed authoring system supports the proposed Relation Ontology. And then, we will discuss the relations by authors'' view. We use the questionnaire to understand these relations that defined in Relation Ontology can increase the learning effect of learners for authors'' view. As a result, the authors think that DEMONSTRATION, EXAMPLE, and ILLUSTRATION have effect of learning for learners. For this reason, we suggest authors can more offer these three relations. Finally, to reduce authors in editing a LO at the time, cost, and difficulty. We summarized and analyzed existing relations, removed the ineffective and difficulty relations.
[[tableofcontents]]第一章 序論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 第二節 論文結構 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 第二章 文獻探討 6 第一節 The Instructional Ontology . . . . . . 7 第二節 The Rhetorical-Didactic Relation . . 10 第三節 The Relation Ontology . . . . . . . . 11 第三章 教材編輯系統的設計與實作 13 第一節 設計方法 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 第二節 系統實作 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 第四章 關係效用分析與討論 21 第一節 研究方法與問題. . . . . . . . . . . . 21 第二節 受測對象與進行方式. . . . . . . . . . 21 第三節 關係效用分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 一 效用分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 二 兩母體差異分析. . . . . . . . . . . . 24 第四節 關係關聯性分析. . . . . . . . . . . . 26 第五節 結果與討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 第五章 結論與建議 32 參考文獻 34 附錄一 問卷內容 (第一部分) 37 附錄二 問卷內容 (第二部分) 41
Date
2008Type
Thesis and DissertationIdentifier
oai:nchuir.lib.nchu.edu.tw:309270000/114865U0005-2408200715041400
http://nchuir.lib.nchu.edu.tw/handle/309270000/114865