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An Overview of the Educational Practices of Sufis in Iran from the Beginning Until 1301Mysticism and Sufism is one of the notable issues regarding culture and civilization of Islamic Iran. Theosophy and mysticism and educational activities of this group have been considered by some scholars of East and West; it has been shown that Sufis in their education have provided a special knowledge of the God, human and his characteristics, achieving the man’s perfect place, and understanding the world and its various attractions; and they have attracted many God lovers towards this direction. Using descriptive methodology and library and archival method of data collection in this research, primary and secondary sources of Sufi’s educational textbooks have been studied and information have been provided on their customs and activities. It seems the purpose of the Sufis educational system is the understanding of human about their true position in the universe so that they would find the best way for living.
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Impacts of Utilitarian and Hedonistic Values of Online Shopping on Preferences and Intentions of ConsumersGiven to the ever-increasing development of human societies and necessity of productivity increase in all daily activities, using electronic systems is unavoidable. This is true about the process of shopping and utilizing electronic methods especially internet is increasing day by day. The present survey was formed through the intentions variable as the dependent variable, utilitarian and hedonistic values as independent variables and preferences as the mediating variable. Students of the Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research branch were the statistical population and three-hundred seventy nine persons were selected using stratified random sampling proportional to the sample volume.Obtained results of testing hypotheses through structural equations model using SPSS and PLS software (statistical analysis) reveal that judgments about hedonistic and utilitarian values have a significant relationship with preferences. Also preferences have a significant relationship with future shopping intentions. Generally it can be argued that judgments of hedonistic and utilitarian values have a direct impact on preferences in online retailers and thus on future shopping intentions.
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Islamic and Conventional Equity Fund Rating Performance withalReturn, Sharpe, Modified Snail Trail, and Morningstar Rating GroundworkThis research aims to assess the performance of equity fund in Indonesia, Islamic and Conventional, whether they can outperform the market. The samples used in this research are 36 equity funds which have been established prior to January 2008. The performance measurement methods are rating based on return, Sharpe index, Modified Snail Trail, and Morningstar. This research finds that the performance of Islamic equity fund does not differ significantly compared to market and conventional equity fund based on return and Sharpe Index. The finding in high rating portfolio is quite obvious, high return and Sharpe Index rating portfolios produce the highest expected return of 1.09% in 5 years. Meanwhile, modified snail trail method shows 1% expected return, and the lastly, Morningstar rating indicates 0.64% return. These portfolios, except for Morningstar rating, outperform to benchmark portfolios namely, equally weighted portfolio and minimizing risk portfolio in all of three categories.