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Sub-National Performance Incentives in the Intergovernmental FrameworkThis paper provides background for the
 Government of Indonesia as it considers if and how to
 introduce more robust local government performance
 incentives into the intergovernmental fiscal framework. The
 next section briefly examines the forces that have driven
 the recent national wave of interest in improving local
 government performance. This is followed by a review of the
 relatively limited set of local government performance
 incentives currently in force in Indonesia. The fourth
 section provides a conceptual overview of how to think about
 the possible expansion of local government incentive
 programs, outlining the potential role(s) of such programs
 in general and the key issues involved in designing and
 implementing them. The fifth section tentatively considers a
 number of options for additional local government incentives
 in Indonesia that the central government may wish to
 consider pursuing. The paper concludes with an outline of
 next steps for moving forward with the possible development
 of more purposeful and meaningful performance incentives in
 Indonesia's intergovernmental fiscal framework.
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Decentralization and Local Democracy
 in the World : First Global Report by United Cities and
 Local Governments 2008This overall picture of decentralization
 and local democracy in African countries shows significant
 progress at the strictly institutional level. No country now
 publicly opposes the implementation of decentralization
 policies. Local governments exist in all countries, and
 elections are held to elect local authorities. The extent of
 such progress must, however, be set against a number of
 persistent obstacles that continue to hinder a real
 progression of decentralization in Africa. Difficulties
 remain within states concerning the transfer of financial
 resources needed to match the devolved responsibilities.
 Local governments also face difficulties in increasing their
 own resources (aside from state-transfers and grants) at a
 faster pace. Ensuring the availability of qualified human
 resources at the local level and improving public access to
 local services are also fundamental issues of concern.
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Decentralization and Local Democracy in the World : First Global Report by United Cities and Local Governments 2008This overall picture of decentralization and local democracy in African countries shows significant progress at the strictly institutional level. No country now publicly opposes the implementation of decentralization policies. Local governments exist in all countries, and elections are held to elect local authorities. The extent of such progress must, however, be set against a number of persistent obstacles that continue to hinder a real progression of decentralization in Africa. Difficulties remain within states concerning the transfer of financial resources needed to match the devolved responsibilities. Local governments also face difficulties in increasing their own resources (aside from state-transfers and grants) at a faster pace. Ensuring the availability of qualified human resources at the local level and improving public access to local services are also fundamental issues of concern.