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The Impact of Economic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution : Evaluation Techniques and ToolsDevelopment is about fundamental change
 in economic structures, about the movement of resources out
 of agriculture to services and industry, about migration to
 cities and international movement of labor, and about
 transformation in trade and technology. Social inclusion and
 change-change in health and life expectancy, in education
 and literacy, in population size and structure, and in
 gender relations-are at the heart of the story. The policy
 challenge is to help release and guide these forces of
 change and inclusion. But how can policymakers assess
 whether what they have done, or what they are doing, is
 right? Since the 1970s public economics has placed the
 serious analysis of growth at the center of its agenda. It
 has shown how to integrate growth and distribution - in
 simple terms, the size of the cake, and the distribution of
 the cake-rigorously into the discussion of public policy,
 both theoretically and empirically.
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Development Economics and the
 International Development AssociationPrevailing economic ideas -- and
 fashions -- about development have influenced the
 International Development Association (IDA) since its
 creation in 1960. The creation of the organization itself is
 the result of two contemporaneous facts: an urgent need to
 channel development finance to least-developed countries and
 an increasing pressure on World Bank management to directly
 address the issue of poverty in developing countries.
 Changing views, over time, have been a rationale -- and, at
 times, a justification -- for emphasizing poverty and social
 sectors; for providing grants to particular groups of
 countries; and for strategic choices and sectoral
 priorities. IDA has been influential in development debates
 and been an advocate for specific views about development
 policy. This paper gives an overview of these views and
 documents how they have shaped the activities of the
 organization since its creation. After a brief review of
 development thinking and of the organization of research at
 the World Bank, the paper documents the shifts that have
 taken place in country allocations and in sector emphasis in
 IDA over the past 50 years and highlights the strategic
 themes that have guided its development agenda: toward
 increasing country selectivity; from projects to programs;
 from conditionality to country ownership of reforms; and
 from input-based to results-based performance.
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Leadership and Growth : Commission on Growth and DevelopmentIn May 2008, the commission on growth and development (the growth commission) issued its report entitled 'the growth report'. In it the commission attempted to distill what had been learned in the past two decades, from experience and academic and policy research, about strategies and policies that produced sustained high growth in developing countries. It became clear in the course of the work that politics, leadership, and political economy (the interaction of economic and political forces and choices) were centrally important ingredients in the story. Dealing with the politics and the interaction of political and economic forces is a work in progress in research, an important one. Given this breadth, one of the editors' roles is to focus the reader's attention on what they take to be common issues across these chapters. These common problems are fourfold: (1) promoting national unity; (2) building good, solid institutions; (3) choosing innovative and localized policies; and (4) creating political consensus for long-run policy implementation. This report represent an excellent first step toward understanding the role of leadership in generating economic growth, and the author hope that they generate ideas and lead to new research on the problem of leadership in economic growth.