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Higher Education in Madhya Pradesh : The Way ForwardMadhya Pradesh is fast emerging as a repository of skilled human resource. Investment on building up of human capital is showing upward trend. The State Government has focused attention on improving the quality of higher education along with its expansion by promoting public-private partnership. Legislation for encouraging establishment of private universities is expressive of state's resolve to become a hub of higher education. The 11th five year plan has set its goals as 'expansion of enrolment in higher education with inclusiveness, quality and relevant education, with necessary academic reforms in the university and college system. The goal is to set India as a nation in which all those who aspire to good quality higher education can access it, irrespective of their paying capacity'. Expansion, inclusion and quality are thus the three cornerstones of our national goals in education. The Government has set a target of 21percent Gross Enrolment Ration (GER) by the end of the twelfth plan (2017) with an interim target of 15 percent by the end of the eleventh plan 2012. This seems a highly ambitious aim considering the present GER of 12.4 percent. The Government of Madhya Pradesh convened a conference 'Higher education in Madhya Pradesh the way forward' on 3rd of October 2011 in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The conference brought together key policy makers, academic faculty and stakeholders in the field of education to discuss the needs of higher education in Madhya Pradesh, and options for improvement and expansion. The Government of Madhya Pradesh is considering a reform of their higher education system, focusing first on the governance and legislative framework. In Madhya Pradesh, there are currently 15 universities, of which 9 are public. Further, there are over 300 colleges, a few of which have been awarded autonomous status and centers of excellence by the University Grants Commission (UGC), and the remaining are affiliated colleges. Governance plays an important role in the performance of any organization involved in public service. In a federal country with a written Constitution governed by rule of law, every activity in the public sphere is to be organized according to the framework prescribed by the law and the Constitution. It is therefore important to appreciate the legal framework under which higher education is organized in India and to begin the reform proposals with the law on the subject.
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Benchmarking the Governance of Tertiary Education SystemsThis paper presents a benchmarking approach for analyzing and comparing governance in tertiary education as a critical determinant of system and institutional performance. This methodology is tested through a pilot survey in East Asia and Central America. The paper is structured in the following way: (i) the first part highlights the link between good governance practices and the performance of tertiary institutions (ii) the second part introduces the analytical approach underpinning the governance dimensions of the benchmarking tool and the specific indicators that could be used to develop relevant governance databases; (iii) the third and final part presents the results of two pilot surveys carried out by the World Bank in the East Asia and Central America regions in relation to the governance of the tertiary education systems and institutions of the countries concerned.
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Governance of Technical Education in
 India : Key Issues, Principles, and Case StudiesTertiary education, and in particular
 technical and engineering education, is critical to
 India's aspirations of strengthening its reputation as
 a major competitive player in the Global knowledge economy.
 The system is huge and complex, and there is a consensus
 that reforms are imperative. Issues of fair access and
 affordable participation in higher education are critical if
 India is to empower its people with educational
 opportunities that allow individual potential to be
 fulfilled, and allow more Indian graduates opportunities for
 employment and to compete in an international arena. There
 are approximately 2,400 technical and engineering
 institutions across India's 30 states, of which less
 than 8 percent of public institutions are autonomous. The
 demand for tertiary education continues. There has been a
 phenomenal growth in the number of private colleges across
 India in the last 20 years. Private colleges now deliver 85
 percent of all technical and engineering education. The
 significant changes in supply and demand make it
 increasingly important to ensure that tertiary education
 systems and institutions are effectively and efficiently
 governed and managed to meet the needs of industry and
 society. As key national changes are imminent, stakeholder
 groups represented at the Learning Forum emphasized the
 importance of working in partnership, so that overlapping
 interests can support a more effective delivery of education
 to meet the needs of society and industry. Good governance
 is an area where effective partnerships are crucial.
 Strengthening links with industry and local communities
 could also support a range of development opportunities for
 courses, faculty and most importantly the student experience
 and education and research outcomes. These priorities are in
 line with the Second Phase of the Technical Education
 Quality Improvement Project and the need for ongoing
 capacity building. Developing effective governance will
 underpin long term developments.