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Inclusive Heritage-Based City Development Program in IndiaThis report summarizes the motivation,
 objectives, methodology, results and lessons learned from
 the design and implementation of the Demonstration Program
 on Inclusive Heritage-based City Development in India. The
 development objective of this program is to test an
 inclusive heritage-based approach to city development
 planning in three pilot cities with a focus on learning and
 future expansion. The pilot cities include a metropolis
 (Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh), a medium-size city (Varanasi,
 Uttar Pradesh) and a small city (Ajmer-Pushkar, Rajasthan).
 The pilot cities have been selected on the basis of
 population, living standards in historic areas, heritage
 value and reform orientation. These cities represent India s
 diversity in terms of settlements as well as social and
 cultural heritage, and provide scope for customizing the
 tested planning instruments, specific institutional and
 financial arrangements and methods at an early stage. An
 initial activity is the first phase of a larger program
 aimed at providing national policy makers, state
 governments, urban local bodies and sector professionals in
 India with exemplary practices, institutional arrangements
 as well as financial and management incentives that can
 assist them in incorporating cultural heritage into their
 overall city development planning framework. This activity
 has three components: component 1 offers institutional
 set-up and selection of pilot cities; component 2 provides
 advisory support to pilot Cities; and component 3 maintains
 knowledge management and learning systems. Overall, the
 program is expected to leverage existing public funds under
 national and state-level schemes that have been earmarked
 for urban renewal investments but are currently not being
 utilized for this purpose due to lack of capacities,
 appropriate mechanisms and tools.
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Climate-resilient, Climate-friendly World Heritage CitiesWhile the negative impacts of climate change on urban areas are well-known and widely discussed, its implicit impacts on historic downtowns have not been studied as extensively. In recent years, cultural heritage conservation and valorization have increasingly become drivers of local economic development. Many projects supported by the World Bank in this field help leverage cultural heritage for economic development while developing infrastructure and services for residents and enhancing the livability of cities. The World Bank has also been very active in addressing climate change risks and increasing resiliency of urban areas. This paper is an effort to merge these two critical agendas. The paper investigates the impacts of climate change on 237 world heritage cities (WHC) and provides an overview of the geographic distribution of these cities around the globe. It discusses the importance of historic downtowns and provides various options available to the governments of these cities to address risk mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Further, it provides examples of WHC which have taken action to address vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change. This report is organized in following five sections: section one presents an overview of WHC, geographic distribution, and the growth of the urban agglomerations to which they belong. Section two presents the natural hazard risks and climate change impacts facing WHC, their location on the coastline or interior, and their rank in terms of level of vulnerability. Section three outlines the characteristics that historic cities have in terms of carbon emissions and potential for climate change mitigation. Section four discusses the sources of financing which WHC may turn to in order to address climate change mitigation and adaptation. Section five presents the climate change adaptation and mitigation action plans being implemented in the WHC of Paris, Tunis, Edinburgh, Mexico City, Hue, and Quito.
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Distance Education and Community Learning Networks linked by a Library of CultureHumans are relational beings with their modeled behavior as practical examples of cultural routines that they hear, see, read, and assemble on their own from communal pieces of information to answer the needs of their everyday lives (Bandura, & Jeffrey, 1973). Yet few researchers have looked at the differing synthesis of culture and generally assume that others share similar ideas/values that lead to particular events and worldviews (Lillard, p.5 1998). Informational and cultural contact zones can be created to support CLNs, universities, and individuals in a variety of roles to encourage their interactions so they might design, and challenge the fundamentals of these programs and seek to better cooperation amongst the public itself (Tremmel, 2000). By increasing communication and collaboration of educational systems throughout the community will begin to raise the standard of living for all people (Bohn, & Schmidt, 2008). This will begin to draw people out from the digital divide and increase the access of technology and information available to all people with the community. Utilizing CLNs to support and further education will allow an interconnected web of assessments, standards, and cooperative efforts that has the potential of increasing democracy by empowering people from their communities.