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L'OMC face à la crise des négociations commerciales

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Author(s)
Siroën, Jean-Marc
Keywords
International Trade Agreement
GATT OMC
GATT WTO
Multilateralism
Bilateralism
Trade negotiations
337
F13
F15
F51
Economie internationale
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/919485
Online Access
http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/5352
Abstract
Le nouveau cycle de négociations multilatérales(« Round »)ouvert à Doha en 2001, s’est enlisé et n’a pu aboutir à un accord final dont la ratification par les États-Unis ne serait d’ailleurs pas acquise. Ce retard s’explique notamment par l’évolution du contexte qui est parfois la conséquence des choix de Doha. L’adhésion des gouvernements et des opinions publiques s’est émoussée avec une préférence de plus en plus affirmée pour des accords bilatéraux permettant, notamment, d’intégrer de nouveaux sujets bloqués à l’OMC (normes de travail, concurrence, investissement, marchés publics, environnement). L’affirmation des pays émergents a déséquilibré le co-leadership Etats-Unis/Union Européenne et impliqué une modification du processus de négociation qui ne s’est pas stabilisé. La crise économique a remis en cause certains objectifs de la négociation agricole. Les quelques propositions formulées visent à réviser la doctrine pour mieux l’insérer dans une problématique moderne ; elles défendent l’inclusion de nouveaux sujets qui élargissent le champ des négociations. Si le principe du consensus n’est pas remis en cause, la réhabilitation des accords plurilatéraux pourrait désamorcer une orientation vers le bilatéralisme, dangereuse à terme par son caractère discriminatoire.
The new round of multilateral negotiations ("Round") opened in Doha in 2001, stalled and was unable to achieve a final agreement, which, in all cases, should not be readily ratified by the US Congress. This delay is mainly due to the changing environment which is sometimes a consequence of the Doha's choices. The adhesion of governments and public opinion has waned with an increasingly trend in favor of bilateral agreements, which incorporate new topics blocked in the WTO's agenda (labor standards, competition, investment, public procurement, environment). The affirmation of emerging countries has destabilized the US-EU co-leadership and involved a change in the negotiating process. The economic crisis has challenged some of the objectives of the negotiations in agriculture. The few proposals formulated in this paper aimed at revising the doctrine to better insert it into the present and future issues : they defend the inclusion of new subjects that expand the scope of negotiations. If the consensus principle is not questioned, the rehabilitation of plurilateral agreements could defuse an orientation towards bilateralism, which, if it proliferates, might jeopardize the stability of trade relations by its discriminatory nature.
oui
Date
2011-01-03
Type
Communication / Conférence
Identifier
oai:basepub.dauphine.fr:123456789/5352
http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/5352
15
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