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Mongolia : Pension Policy Challenges and Reform OptionsMongolia inherited a pay-as-you go
 public pension system providing universal coverage and high
 levels of benefits (relative to pre-retirement income),
 consistent with the state provision of all forms of social
 insurance. The system was reformed in 1995, including the
 introduction of contributions for pensions and other social
 insurance, but it remained dependent upon Government
 transfers. The reforms improved the existing scheme but
 failed to achieve financial sustainability or address a
 number of weaknesses in the existing scheme's design,
 which created weak incentives for contributing to the system
 and benefit inequities between different groups of
 workers/cohorts. This policy note responds to this request,
 and it is part of an ongoing broader collaboration with the
 Government and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on pension
 reform that includes: (i) supporting the development of the
 policy framework for pension reform; (ii) improving the
 pension policy making capacity; and (iii) assisting in the
 identification of the institutional development needs to
 support the new pension system. This note identifies a
 number of challenges in the design and implementation of the
 current social insurance system that would need to be
 addressed to strengthen the system's ability to provide
 consumption smoothing and old-age income security for
 Mongolia's population.
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Matching Contributions for Pensions : A Review of International ExperienceEstablishing robust, equitable, and
 effective social protection is essential to reducing poverty
 and boosting prosperity at all levels of development. The
 demographic transition that has already transformed most
 high-income societies will exert similar and growing
 pressures on others, reinforcing the role of pensions and
 savings for old age as a central pillar of social protection
 systems. One possible solution that has emerged in recent
 years that offers the potential to overcome this challenge
 is the provision of contribution matches to provide an
 immediate and powerful incentive for participation in
 pension saving systems. Originating in several high-income
 settings there are now a number of innovations and
 substantial experience in low-income countries in using this
 design to stimulate coverage and savings. This experience
 now provides a rich opportunity for learning, not just from
 the longer experience of a few high-income countries but
 also the more meaningful South-South learning across
 developing countries.This volume, which reviews
 the experience with matching pension contributions across
 the range of countries that have used the design, makes an
 initial, but critically important investment in this
 learning process. The description and analysis of this
 experience which is the product of partnership and
 collaboration across many public and private institutions
 provide an invaluable early assessment of the design to
 inform policy makers and practitioners as well as serve as a
 model for the kind of cooperation that will be required to
 address this difficult challenge. At the World Bank, we look
 forward to being part of this learning process of how to
 best provide old-age security for all.
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Poland - Public Expenditure Review : Background PapersThis report looks at public spending on
 pensions, education, health, social assistance, labor market
 programs, and public wages. Presenting the findings of a
 series of studies and notes compiled sice April 2009, it
 highlights how reforming such spending, which comprises
 about one quarter of gross domestic product (GDP), is
 essential for mitigating the impact of the economic crisis
 and for transforming Poland from a welfare state to a
 workfare society in line with Government's Vision 2030.
 The report has two main messages. First, Poland can take
 measures to reduce public expenditures on social sectors and
 public wages by around 2.3 percentage points over the next
 three years. Second, beyond supporting the fiscal adjustment
 required in the context of the economic crisis, public
 expenditure reforms can also help bring about structural
 changes envisioned as part of the Government's strategy
 for 2030. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of
 Poland's social sector and public wage polices and lays
 out options for reform. The summary report has five parts.
 The first part lays out the macroeconomic context. It
 emphasizes that Poland has weathered the global economic
 crisis remarkably well but that the recovery is likely to be
 feeble and subject to uncertainty. The next part discusses
 the fiscal fallout of the crisis and argues that public
 expenditure reform should be a crucial pillar for fiscal
 consolidation. Sections three to five contain the main
 findings of the report. Section three presents a list of
 important reforms of public expenditures on social sectors
 and wages in support of Vision 2030. Section four simulates
 the fiscal impact of public expenditure reforms, with a
 particular focus on state budget expenditures. The final
 section discusses how institutional reforms in the areas of
 medium-term and performance-based budget can support the
 reform agenda. Volume two presents the detailed analyses of
 social sectors and institutional reforms of public finance.