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Mozambique - Municipal Development in Mozambique : Lessons from the First Decade - Synthesis ReportMunicipalities in Mozambique were
 established by law in 1997 and elected in 1998 for the first
 time, only a few years after the peace agreement. Most
 inherited archaic and dysfunctional remnants of colonial and
 central government systems and infrastructure, and as such
 limited progress was achieved in transforming them into
 functioning local governments during the first mandate
 (1998-2002). During the second mandate (2003-2008), however,
 significant improvements were seen as municipalities began
 to grasp the nettle of local governance and some service
 delivery challenges. By the end of their first decade most
 municipalities have reorganized themselves to some extent
 and a number have undertaken initiatives that are beginning
 to bear fruit. There remains a long way to go, however,
 before municipalities will be robust enough to deliver
 quality local services to meet growing demand. There is a
 danger that the pace of municipal technical and financial
 capacity development will be overtaken by the growing
 municipal population and by transfers of additional
 mandates. Municipalities, central government, and the
 Association of Municipalities (ANAMM) need to support
 municipalities to perform their potentially significant role
 in improving living conditions, stimulating growth and
 cementing meaningful democracy in Mozambique. This study
 provides the first integrated assessment of the challenges
 of local development and service delivery through a
 municipal lens. It diagnoses the underlying systemic
 constraints facing municipalities, discusses some of the
 specific service delivery challenges of the municipalities,
 and it sets out recommendations for both central and
 municipal governments to tackle some of these constraints
 within an integrated and systemic framework.
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Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia : Issues in Urban and Municipal DevelopmentThe present study examines the
 challenges facing municipal governments in FYR Macedonia.
 The introductory chapter provides some further context for
 these developments, in terms of the challenges they pose
 for urban areas and their governments. Chapter Two examines
 issues for financial management of municipalities under the
 decentralized regime, and the attendant need for improving
 local government capacity. The third chapter highlights
 questions in the area of communal services, where municipal
 governments retain overall provision and supervisory
 responsibilities of the local public enterprises. The fourth
 chapter focuses on urban planning and land management, an
 area critical to the efficient functioning of cities and for
 which municipalities have acquired new obligations. The
 approach of the report is to assemble existing data from
 many available studies, both by the World Bank and by other
 sources, and information obtained from interviews in the
 country to articulate ideas and recommendations for
 consideration by the Government elected in July 2006, by
 municipal governments, and by other stakeholders.
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Mozambique - Municipal Development in Mozambique : Lessons from the First Decade - Full reportMunicipalities in Mozambique were established by law in 1997 and elected in 1998 for the first time, only a few years after the peace agreement. Most inherited archaic and dysfunctional remnants of colonial and central government systems and infrastructure, and as such limited progress was achieved in transforming them into functioning local governments during the first mandate (1998-2002). During the second mandate (2003-2008), however, significant improvements were seen as municipalities began to grasp the nettle of local governance and some service delivery challenges. By the end of their first decade most municipalities have reorganized themselves to some extent and a number have undertaken initiatives that are beginning to bear fruit. There remains a long way to go, however, before municipalities will be robust enough to deliver quality local services to meet growing demand. There is a danger that the pace of municipal technical and financial capacity development will be overtaken by the growing municipal population and by transfers of additional mandates. Municipalities, central government, and the Association of Municipalities (ANAMM) need to support municipalities to perform their potentially significant role in improving living conditions, stimulating growth and cementing meaningful democracy in Mozambique. This study provides the first integrated assessment of the challenges of local development and service delivery through a municipal lens. It diagnoses the underlying systemic constraints facing municipalities, discusses some of the specific service delivery challenges of the municipalities, and it sets out recommendations for both central and municipal governments to tackle some of these constraints within an integrated and systemic framework.