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Mozambique - Municipal Development in Mozambique : Lessons from the First Decade - Full reportMunicipalities in Mozambique were established by law in 1997 and elected in 1998 for the first time, only a few years after the peace agreement. Most inherited archaic and dysfunctional remnants of colonial and central government systems and infrastructure, and as such limited progress was achieved in transforming them into functioning local governments during the first mandate (1998-2002). During the second mandate (2003-2008), however, significant improvements were seen as municipalities began to grasp the nettle of local governance and some service delivery challenges. By the end of their first decade most municipalities have reorganized themselves to some extent and a number have undertaken initiatives that are beginning to bear fruit. There remains a long way to go, however, before municipalities will be robust enough to deliver quality local services to meet growing demand. There is a danger that the pace of municipal technical and financial capacity development will be overtaken by the growing municipal population and by transfers of additional mandates. Municipalities, central government, and the Association of Municipalities (ANAMM) need to support municipalities to perform their potentially significant role in improving living conditions, stimulating growth and cementing meaningful democracy in Mozambique. This study provides the first integrated assessment of the challenges of local development and service delivery through a municipal lens. It diagnoses the underlying systemic constraints facing municipalities, discusses some of the specific service delivery challenges of the municipalities, and it sets out recommendations for both central and municipal governments to tackle some of these constraints within an integrated and systemic framework.
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Urban Environment and Infrastructure : Toward Livable CitiesThis review of the active portfolio of World Bank projects aimed at improving urban environmental quality was carried out during 2002-03 in order to assess the level of commitment of the institution to urban sustainability. The review focuses on the contributions of key sectors to urban environmental improvements, in particular on those belonging to the Infrastructure Vice-Presidency, and on how projects are contributing to achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. It also highlights some of the apparent gaps in current Bank lending in regional, spatial, and thematic terms and argues for a more comprehensive and holistic approach to urban environmental priorities, which could lead to better-integrated investments. The Bank corporate strategy on urban development (World Bank 2000a) addresses the urban environment as part of enhancing urban livability. The corporate environment strategy (World Bank 2001b) states its importance through its goals of improving the quality of life, improving the quality of growth, and protecting the quality of regional and global commons.
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City Development Strategy and City Assistance Programme : Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Volume 1In conformity with its objective of
 functioning as a local Government, Kathmandu Metropolitan
 City (KMC) sought the assistance of the World Bank for the
 preparation of a City Development Strategy (CDS) for
 Kathmandu. The various sectoral as well as integrated
 strategies presented in this document seem to be an
 overwhelming demand on KMC with its limited manpower and
 money. However, a CDS is essential if KMC is to focus its
 development potential. The optimism lies in political
 leadership, enabling environment and necessary support that
 will be rendered to KMC from civil society. The vision for
 Kathmandu stresses the need to develop the valley as
 administrative, cultural and tourism center. The strategy to
 move towards that vision through improvement in the overall
 situation of the KMC, however, is likely to be a long drawn
 struggle, yet achievable. The urban planning study strongly
 recommends that Kathmandu should be accorded special status
 as a capital city and large polluting and manufacturing
 industries should be discouraged immediately and if
 possible, re-location plans be drawn for existing industries
 in the near future. Alternatively, service and light
 industries should be promoted to replace the economic
 opportunities. Urban areas in KMC are not designated by a
 functional and occupational structure or contiguity criteria
 for managing housing and squatter settlements. Housing
 problems are a serious challenge in a situation where a
 historically planned city is fast transforming itself into a
 trade-cum-service center. On the other hand, it is
 encouraging to note that despite the absence of city
 specific policies and programs for housing, slums and
 squatters, the communities are highly organized and are
 gradually improving their conditions at their own costs,
 which show their potential for mobilization in participatory
 home improvement programs.