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Local Public Financial ManagementThis volume provides an overview of local government financial accounting and reporting and where better practices in cash management are documented. The use of transparent procurement processes to mitigate corruption is also elaborated on while practical guidance is imparted on how and when to use debt, how to assess debt affordability, what debt to use, how to issue debt, and how to manage debt. The use of internal controls and audits to ensure efficiency and integrity is highlighted in this volume with particular emphasis on the role of external audit in combating corruption. Audit methods to detect corruption are also presented and discussed. The volume represents a collaborative effort of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and the World Bank Institute to support reform of the public expenditure management and financial accountability systems in developing countries, especially in Africa.
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Kingdom of Morocco : Country Financial Accountability AssessmentThis Country Financial Accountability Assessment (CFAA) reviews Morocco's public sector financial management system, largely based on the French system that separates accounting practices from services organization, and from the initial expenditure control to the latter jurisdictional control. The Moroccan system appears largely robust, characterized by legal institutions; however, this seemingly, poses delays affecting the relation between public expenditures, and its results. Given these apparent weaknesses, the Government fostered reforms to modernize public administration, and improve services delivery. Recommendations included in this CFAA to improve public sector efficiency, address actions to improve budget preparation, and to formally standardize budgetary information to Parliament. Budget implementation should be made public, supported by legislation, while improved ministerial support should be ensured in human resources expenditures, and management; similarly, information related to investment payments should be improved, and itemized. Public expenditures control should be developed, ensuring performance in parallel to public spending, and, the role of ministerial inspections should be reinforced, through a regulatory framework, and enforcement of recommendations.
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Maldives : Public Sector Accounting and Auditing, A Comparison to International StandardsThis assessment of public sector
 accounting and auditing standards is generally meant to
 assist with the implementation of more effective public
 financial management (PFM) through better quality accounting
 and public audit processes in Maldives. It is intended to
 provide greater stimulus for more cost-effective outcomes of
 government spending. The specific objectives are (a) to
 provide the country's accounting and audit authorities
 and other interested stakeholders with a common well-based
 knowledge as to where local practices stand in comparison
 with internationally developed standards of financial
 reporting and audit; (b) to assess the causes of the
 prevailing variances; (c) to chart paths to reduce the
 variances; and (d) to provide a continuing basis for
 measuring improvements. Annex A explains the methodology
 used for the study. Annex B provides a summary of
 international accounting and auditing standards referred to
 in this study. Annex C and D provide country accounting and
 auditing legislation, respectively. Lastly, Annex E includes
 a description of the benefits of accrual accounting. The
 World Bank is supporting initiatives to develop local
 systems so that donors can increase their use of country
 systems for their own grants and loans.