The accelerated processes of urbanization produce an explosive occupation of the land, creating scattered cities, with great demands for infrastructure and high consumption of raw materials and energy, affecting natural territories and increasing the emission of pollutants. The city of Cuenca-Ecuador as well as several Latin American cities are not strangers to this problem, as it reflects a dispersed growth towards the peripheries that have caused an expansion of the urban landscape. The above situation requires sustainable planning, which contributes to decision-making to identify what measures are needed to regulate the growth of the city. Accordingly, the present research proposes combining the set of indicators of the Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment tool with the spatial analysis of GIS, so that the sustainability assessment can be extended at the city level to support urban planning in Cuenca. For this purpose, a 3-step methodology was proposed: selection of sustainable indicators, evaluation of sustainable performance, and design of a model that integrates SIG+NSA, which allowed incorporating spatial analysis in the sustainable assessment of neighborhoods, by designing a model adapted to Cuenca. This model consists of 15 variables, 12 indicators, and 4 evaluation categories, which result in the sustainable performance level of 149 planning sectors. The developed model makes it possible to automate the analysis processes and generate a complement to the ArcGIS geoprocessing tools for evaluating urban sustainability, as a support tool for planners and decision-makers in city planning processes.

This thesis discusses how to carry out the inheritance and integrated development of red culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture in the new era, and puts forward the corresponding path exploration. By defining and elaborating the concepts and connotations of red culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture, as well as analyzing their important value and significance in contemporary society, this thesis discusses in depth the combination of red culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture. In terms of the inheritance and development of red culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture, this dissertation discusses the inheritance methods, inheritance mechanisms as well as relevant policies and measures. In addition, this dissertation proposes specific paths and methods for the integration and development of red culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture, including the exploration and practice of cultural creative industry, education and training, and tourism culture. Through the exploration of inheritance and integrated development, red culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture can make up for and enhance each other, play their important roles in contemporary society, and make positive contributions to social progress and cultural prosperity. The innovation of this thesis is to deeply explore the combination of red culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture, and put forward specific inheritance and integration development paths, aiming to provide useful reference and inspiration for the cultural construction and development of contemporary society. Through the research and exploration of red culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture, this thesis comes to the conclusion that through inheritance and integration development, red culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture can make up for and enhance each other, play their important roles in contemporary society, and make positive contributions to social progress and cultural prosperity.

Johannes Brahms was the last German Austrian classical master of the romantic period. In this era of significant changes in music style, Brahms' early creative style still retained some traces of classical style. However, in his later years, he became more passionate about small genre lyrical works. I believe that these works must be the gentlest and most monologue works of Brahms' life. The interlude Op118 No.2, created in the late period of Brahms, possesses extremely clever creative techniques and extremely beautiful melodies, and is later known as the "Love Letter to Clara". The emotions and performance techniques involved are worth further exploration.

Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht drei frühneuzeitliche Bücher aus dem Bestand des Jüdischen Museums der Schweiz, die alle Talmuddrucke aus den Pressen von Daniel Bomberg (1483-1553) in Venedig oder Ambrosius Froben (1537-1602/03) in Basel enthalten. Beide Drucker gehören zu den wenigen, die im 16. Jahrhundert den Talmud in kompletten Ausgaben gedruckt haben. Während Bomberg die erste Talmudausgabe überhaupt druckte und sie bis heute als Meisterwerk in der Buchgeschichte gilt, wird der der «Basler Talmud», gedruckt von Froben aufgrund der angewendeten Zensur als verstümmelt betrachtet. Die Analyse umfasst neben der ausführlichen kulturhistorischen Einordnung der beiden Drucker und ihrer Arbeit auch einen Überblick über den Einfluss der christlichen Zensur auf die jüdische beziehungsweise hebräischsprachige Buchproduktion im 16. Jahrhundert in Europa, sowie eine Einschätzung der zeitgenössischen Nutzung hebräischer Bücher und des Talmuds. Anschliessend werden die drei Bände anhand ihres Inhalts, aber auch ihrer Materialität und den handschriftlichen Eintragungen analysiert und soweit möglich Thesen zur Provenienz und ihrem Weg in den Bestand des Jüdischen Museums der Schweiz aufgestellt.

The aim of this paper is to reflect on the need to have moral standards to guide autonomous vehicles (AVs) and to propose a procedure of reflective equilibrium (RE) for this purpose. Bearing this in mind, I begin with an investigation into moral disagreement to find out how we should decide in cases of uncertainty, arguing that we should use a procedure that brings together different normative criteria. Afterwards, I present an interesting investigation route, which is the method of collective reflective equilibrium in practice (CREP) as proposed by Savulescu, Gyngell and Kahane (2021), which corrects the results of the Moral Machine experiment and proposes principles of public policy to regulate VAs. The next step is to analyze the reflexive equilibrium (RE) procedure, identifying its basic characteristics of consistency, reflexivity, holism and progressiveness. Next, I point out the limits of CREP, because it leaves out the normative criterion of virtues and does not form a coherent system of beliefs that is wide enough. Finally, I present the suggestion of collective wide reflective equilibrium (CWRE) in order to consider the normative plurality that is the basis of our society and propose a methodology to identify the moral standard for VAs.

This article investigates the possibility of witnessing and claiming a testimony “in truth, of truth, for truth”. It questions the relationship between testimony and evidence, taking into account a radical critique of the conception of truth as presence, as presented by Jacques Derrida. Furthermore, it discusses the impossibility of witnessing radical events, as argued by Giorgio Agamben. The objective is to reconsider testimony as something that cannot fulfill its promise, that is, to tell the truth. Despite this impossibility, testimony occurs in the trace of writing between signifiers and, following Agamben’s reflections, it also relates to something beyond this signification. In this sense, the importance of questioning what is no longer present, but gives voice to the unnamable and cannot be expressed by language is explored, as exemplified by Agamben in the analysis of the figure of the “muslim” in Auschwitz. The article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the reasons why testimony should not be considered merely as a means of proof, but rather as something that leads us to experience the impossibility of witnessing.

Hegel's Theory of ‘Civil Society’ and the political economy of the Scottish Enlightenment, Hegel's section on ‘civil society’ Philosophy of Right (§§ 182ss), reveals his indebtedness to the Scottish Enlightenment: to Adam Ferguson, David Hume, Adam Smith, Sir James Steuart, and others. This indebtedness has long attracted the attention of scholars. However, new editions of various sets of notes on Hegel's lectures (by Ilting, Henrich, the Hegel-Archives) and the recent revival of interest in the Scottish Enlightenment have fundamentally changed our perception of the Scottish impact on Hegel. This article takes these changes into account and re-examines the following questions: who were the authors Hegel had in mind, when he spoke of the new science of political economy, and when did he study these authors? Finally, what significance does Hegel's reception of political economy still possess, especially for those East-European countries that now approach the problems of ‘civil society’?

Abstract AI chatbots shook the world not long ago with their potential to revolutionize education systems in a myriad of ways. AI chatbots can provide immediate support by answering questions, offering explanations, and providing additional resources. Chatbots can also act as virtual teaching assistants, supporting educators through various means. In this paper, we try to understand the full benefits of AI chatbots in education, their opportunities, challenges, potential limitations, concerns, and prospects of using AI chatbots in educational settings. We conducted an extensive search across various academic databases, and after applying specific predefined criteria, we selected a final set of 67 relevant studies for review. The research findings emphasize the numerous benefits of integrating AI chatbots in education, as seen from both students' and educators' perspectives. We found that students primarily gain from AI-powered chatbots in three key areas: homework and study assistance, a personalized learning experience, and the development of various skills. For educators, the main advantages are the time-saving assistance and improved pedagogy. However, our research also emphasizes significant challenges and critical factors that educators need to handle diligently. These include concerns related to AI applications such as reliability, accuracy, and ethical considerations.