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Agriculture Public Expenditure Review at the Federal and Subnational Levels in Nigeria (2008-12)Agricultural expenditure is critical to
 the transformation of the agricultural sector in Nigeria.
 Yet spending on agriculture remains at low levels in spite
 of the sector’s huge potential for wealth creation,
 employment generation, and poverty reduction. This report is
 a summary of the findings of the Nigeria agricultural public
 expenditure review (AgPER) at the federal and subnational
 levels. The main objectives of this review are to (1)
 examine the extent to which the size and composition of
 public spending on agriculture is consistent with national
 and subnational agricultural policies and development
 priorities, (2) analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of
 public resources allocated to agriculture, (3) understand
 the cross-tier fiscal and planning relationships between the
 federal government and subnational governments, (4) develop
 a database of public agricultural expenditures at the
 federal and subnational levels, and (5) provide
 recommendations on how to improve the efficiency and
 effectiveness of public agricultural spending to advance
 Nigeria’s Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA). In
 addition to the federal-level analysis, the review analyzes
 agricultural public expenditures in three case study states:
 (1) cross river, (2) Niger, and (3) Ondo, and three case
 study local government areas (LGAs): (1) Akamkpa, (2)
 Wushishi, and (3) Odigbo. The analysis at the federal level
 covers the period 2008-12, while the subnational-level
 analysis covers the period 2000-12.
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Cambodia - More Efficient Government Spending for Strong and Inclusive Growth : Integrated Fiduciary Assessment and Public Expenditure ReviewCambodia has made substantial progress
 in economic reconstruction since the 1993 elections helped
 return peace to the war ravaged country. The report is
 organized as: the remainder of chapter one presents the
 strategic background, including macroeconomic and fiscal
 developments. The chapter concludes with options for
 restoring and expanding the government's fiscal space.
 Chapter two discusses the level and composition of public
 spending. Chapters three, four and five discuss the level,
 composition and effectiveness of government spending on
 agriculture, health, and education, respectively. The
 analysis suggests that government spending in these areas is
 lower relative to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) than in
 countries with similar levels of income per capita. Chapter
 six discusses Cambodia's progress and challenges in
 reforming public expenditure policy and public finances. The
 chapter underscores the key areas where additional attention
 is needed to help advance the reform agenda.
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Central African Republic Public Expenditure Review : Creating Fiscal Space to Transition Out of Fragility Through Growth and Poverty ReductionThis public expenditure review (PER) aims to assist the government in its efforts to achieve a transition out of fragility through growth and development. Higher and sustained per capita real gross domestic product (GDP) growth to raise the income of the population and create employment is needed to reduce poverty and lower the risk of reversion to conflict. Significant productive investments in human capital and in infrastructure are needed to help Central African Republic (CAR) foster and sustain higher economic growth. Thus, the government needs to create fiscal space in the budget to finance its reform program and productive investments in health, education, and infrastructure to spur growth. While the burden of investment should be on the private sector the government has a key role to play in facilitating private investment and in providing the basic infrastructure that the private sector needs as well as public services to the poor. The PER advances the notion that public spending at the appropriate level, allocated to productive areas and used efficiently, will be essential to promote rapid and broad-based economic growth in CAR. More specifically, the PER examines the central question of how to create and use fiscal space in the government budget to support long-term economic growth and poverty reduction in CAR while maintaining macro-fiscal stability.