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Romania : Diagnostic Review of Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy, Volume 2. Comparison against Good PracticesThe diagnostic review on consumer
 protection and financial literacy in Romania is the fourth
 in a World Bank-sponsored pilot program to assess consumer
 protection and financial literacy in developing and
 middle-income countries. The objective of this review are
 three-fold to: (1) refine a set of good practices for
 assessing consumer protection and financial literacy,
 including financial literacy; (2) conduct a review of the
 existing rules and practices in Romania compared to the good
 practices; and (3) provide recommendations on ways to
 improve consumer protection and financial literacy in
 Romania. The diagnostic review was prepared at the request
 of National Authority for Consumers Protection (ANPC), whose
 request was endorsed by the Ministry of Economy and Finance.
 Support was provided by the National Bank of Romania (BNR),
 which supervises banks and non-bank credit institutions.
 Further assistance was given by supervisory commissions for
 securities (CNVM), insurance (CSA) and private pensions
 (CSSPP). Volume one notes the importance of consumer
 protection and finical literacy, provides statistics on the
 size and growth of the retail financial sector in Romania,
 describes the EU and Romanian strategies on consumer
 protection and financial literacy, and sets out the key
 finding and recommendations of the review. Annex one lists
 all recommendation in the diagnostic review from both
 volumes and notes which recommendations relate to European
 Union (EU) Directives or European Commission (EC)
 recommendations and which are taken from the good practices
 annex two provides two sample consumer protection code: one
 for the banking securities, insurance and pensions sectors;
 and another for non-bank credit institutions. Annex three
 lists the key lawn and institutions related to financial
 consumer protection in Romania and annex four indicates
 which Romanian laws have incorporated the EU Directives on
 financial consumer protection. Volume two provides: (1) a
 detailed analysis of the key consumer protection issues in
 five segments of financial sector - banking, securities,
 insurance, private pensions, and non-bank credit intuitions;
 (2) an assessment of the Romanian consumer protection
 framework and practices compared to the template of good
 practices; and (3) a brief survey of financial literacy
 programs worldwide.
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Romania : Diagnostic Review of Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy, Volume 1. Key Finding and RecommendationsThe diagnostic review on consumer
 protection and financial literacy in Romania is the fourth
 in a World Bank-sponsored pilot program to assess consumer
 protection and financial literacy in developing and
 middle-income countries. The objective of this review are
 three-fold to: (1) refine a set of good practices for
 assessing consumer protection and financial literacy,
 including financial literacy; (2) conduct a review of the
 existing rules and practices in Romania compared to the good
 practices; and (3) provide recommendations on ways to
 improve consumer protection and financial literacy in
 Romania. The diagnostic review was prepared at the request
 of National Authority for Consumers Protection (ANPC), whose
 request was endorsed by the Ministry of Economy and Finance.
 Support was provided by the National Bank of Romania (BNR),
 which supervises banks and non-bank credit institutions.
 Further assistance was given by supervisory commissions for
 securities (CNVM), insurance (CSA) and private pensions
 (CSSPP). Volume one notes the importance of consumer
 protection and finical literacy, provides statistics on the
 size and growth of the retail financial sector in Romania,
 describes the EU and Romanian strategies on consumer
 protection and financial literacy, and sets out the key
 finding and recommendations of the review. Annex one lists
 all recommendation in the diagnostic review from both
 volumes and notes which recommendations relate to European
 Union (EU) Directives or European Commission (EC)
 recommendations and which are taken from the good practices
 annex two provides two sample consumer protection code: one
 for the banking securities, insurance and pensions sectors;
 and another for non-bank credit institutions. Annex three
 lists the key lawn and institutions related to financial
 consumer protection in Romania and annex four indicates
 which Romanian laws have incorporated the EU Directives on
 financial consumer protection. Volume two provides: (1) a
 detailed analysis of the key consumer protection issues in
 five segments of financial sector - banking, securities,
 insurance, private pensions, and non-bank credit intuitions;
 (2) an assessment of the Romanian consumer protection
 framework and practices compared to the template of good
 practices; and (4) a brief survey of financial literacy
 programs worldwide.
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Making Work Pay in Madagascar : Employment, Growth, and Poverty ReductionThere is little doubt that economic growth contributes significantly to poverty reduction; however, countries clearly differ in the degree to which income growth translates into reduced levels of poverty. Although cross-country estimates suggest that differences in the responsiveness of poverty to income growth account for a small fraction of overall differences in poverty changes across countries, from the point of view of an individual country these differences may have significant implications for poverty reduction, especially in the short term. The report is structured into eight chapters, beginning with this introduction. Chapter two describes the data and the main definitions used in this report. Chapter three provides the socioeconomic context of the study, with a particular emphasis on growth, poverty, and labor market characteristics. Chapter four takes a look at the linkages between macro and microeconomic data by reviewing the ways in which changes in aggregate and sectoral labor productivity translate into individual earnings as gathered from the household surveys. Chapter five also reviews the relationships between productivity and earnings by looking at the linkages between changes in aggregate and sectoral labor productivity data (macro) and changes in individual earnings as gathered from the household surveys (micro). Chapter six examines the origins and determining factors of household earnings and employment and assesses their impact on poverty and poverty reduction. Chapter seven analyzes the individual and household characteristics that are associated with having either 'good' jobs or 'bad' jobs and reviews the question of whether there may be barriers preventing the movement of workers from bad to good labor market segments. Finally, chapter eight describes the main conclusions of this report and provides suggestions for future work based on these conclusions.