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The Land Governance Assessment Framework : Identifying and Monitoring Good Practice in the Land SectorSeventy-five percent of the world's poor live in rural areas and most are involved in agriculture. In the 21st century, agriculture remains fundamental to economic growth, poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability. The World Bank's Agriculture and rural development publication series presents recent analyses of issues that affect the role of agriculture, including livestock, fisheries, and forestry, as a source of economic development, rural livelihoods, and environmental services. The series is intended for practical application, and hope that it will serve to inform public discussion, policy formulation, and development planning. Increased global demand for land because of higher and more volatile food prices, urbanization, and use of land for environmental services implies an increased need for well-designed land policies at the country level to ensure security of long-held rights, to facilitate land access, and to deal with externalities. Establishing the infrastructure necessary to proactively deal with these challenges can require large amounts of resources. Yet with land tenure deeply rooted in any country's history, a wide continuum of land rights, and vast differences in the level of socioeconomic development, the benefits to be expected and the challenges faced will vary across and even within countries, implying a need to adapt the nature and sequencing of reforms to country circumstances. Also, as reforms will take time to bear fruit and may be opposed by vested interests, there is a need to identify challenges and to reach consensus on how to address them in a way that allows objective monitoring of progress over time. Without this being done, the chances of making quick progress in addressing key land policy challenges are likely to be much reduced. The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is intended as a first step to help countries deal with these issues. It is a diagnostic tool that is to be implemented at the local level in a collaborative fashion, that addresses the need for guidance to diagnose and benchmark land governance, and that can help countries prioritize reforms and monitor progress over time.
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The Land Governance Assessment
 Framework : Identifying and Monitoring Good Practice in the
 Land SectorSeventy-five percent of the world's
 poor live in rural areas and most are involved in
 agriculture. In the 21st century, agriculture remains
 fundamental to economic growth, poverty alleviation, and
 environmental sustainability. The World Bank's
 Agriculture and rural development publication series
 presents recent analyses of issues that affect the role of
 agriculture, including livestock, fisheries, and forestry,
 as a source of economic development, rural livelihoods, and
 environmental services. The series is intended for practical
 application, and hope that it will serve to inform public
 discussion, policy formulation, and development planning.
 Increased global demand for land because of higher and more
 volatile food prices, urbanization, and use of land for
 environmental services implies an increased need for
 well-designed land policies at the country level to ensure
 security of long-held rights, to facilitate land access, and
 to deal with externalities. Establishing the infrastructure
 necessary to proactively deal with these challenges can
 require large amounts of resources. Yet with land tenure
 deeply rooted in any country's history, a wide
 continuum of land rights, and vast differences in the level
 of socioeconomic development, the benefits to be expected
 and the challenges faced will vary across and even within
 countries, implying a need to adapt the nature and
 sequencing of reforms to country circumstances. Also, as
 reforms will take time to bear fruit and may be opposed by
 vested interests, there is a need to identify challenges and
 to reach consensus on how to address them in a way that
 allows objective monitoring of progress over time. Without
 this being done, the chances of making quick progress in
 addressing key land policy challenges are likely to be much
 reduced. The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is
 intended as a first step to help countries deal with these
 issues. It is a diagnostic tool that is to be implemented at
 the local level in a collaborative fashion, that addresses
 the need for guidance to diagnose and benchmark land
 governance, and that can help countries prioritize reforms
 and monitor progress over time.
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Brazil Land Governance AssessmentThis report on the assessment of land governance in Brazil summarizes and discusses the results of a series of standardized self-assessments of the land governance situation in Brazil, conducted entirely by Brazilian speakers. Therefore, these findings represent the perception of local experts based on their experience of news and data available. The main aim of this report are federal and state authorities directly involved in land governance in the evaluated states and other states. The general objective of the development of this assessment is to measure reliably the skills and the performance of land governance in a cross section of the country. This assessment is highly relevant and timely, as the land and real estate of natural resources linked to the land are the central core of the current competitiveness of Brazil and its strategically valuable position in the changing world economy. The evaluation methodology was the Assessment Framework of Land Governance (LGAF) developed by the World Bank. It focused on five key areas of good land governance and three additional topics. Key areas were: legal, institutional and associated policies to land rights; planning of land use and taxation; identification and ownership of land management of the state; provision of public land information; and dispute settlement. The optional modules used in some evaluations focused on the large-scale acquisition of land, forestry and the regularization of land tenure. Based on the LGAF in related workshops and review of some publications, the review has identified four areas of relative force on the Brazilian land governance. They include the guarantee of property rights, transparency in allocation of public land, public accessibility of information on registered land and transparency of increasing concern emerging from the influence of democratic and social movements. In addressing these and other areas of reform of land governance, the efforts of the newly created Inter-ministerial Working Group on Land Governance (IMWG) will be vital. That is particularly so because some of the reforms depend on the consistency of improving legal and institutional framework for land governance, which is necessarily a collaborative and cross-sector enterprise. This report therefore calls on the IMWG to join the Presidents Office to create an annual and transparent work program, for a period of at least three years with a regular mechanism of agreed reporting to the IMWG Office and Civil Office of the Presidency.