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Chad Public Expenditure Review in the Agricultural, Rural Development, and Food Security SectorOver the review period covered by this
 report (2003-2012), the budget allocated to agriculture
 increased noticeably more than the sector’s contribution to
 GDP. This reflects a notable effort by the Chad authorities
 to increase the budget to boost this sector’s development in
 recent years. In this proactive context, Chad signed its
 CAADP compact in December 2013 to continue supporting
 agriculture’s revival. The CAADP is being implemented in
 Chad even as the terms of the National Rural Sector
 Investment Program (PNISR, 2014-2020) are being finalized.
 Within the context of the CAADP, the Government of Chad
 (GOC) wished to undertake a review of public agriculture
 expenditures to learn from past budgetary implementation in
 this sector with a view to improving future program
 performance. Following a request by the Ministry of
 Agriculture and Irrigation (MoAI), the NEPAD planning and
 coordination agency gave Chad it’s backing for this review.
 This process was undertaken by the Program for Strengthening
 National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in
 Sub-Saharan Africa, co-financed by the Bill and Melinda
 Gates Foundation and the CAADP Multi-Donor Trust Fund. This
 program, implemented by the World Bank, aims to improve the
 impact of the still-limited public resources available to
 governments in Sub-Saharan Africa to foster agricultural
 development and reduce poverty in rural areas, where most of
 the poor in these countries, notably Chad, live. This study
 follows and builds upon a number of similar studies
 conducted in recent years on public expenditure management,
 in particular in Chad the Action Plan for the Modernization
 of Public Finances (PAMFIP). However, these studies have
 focused on budget management as a whole, and none to date
 has looked at the agricultural sector specifically.
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Republic of Niger : 2012 Public Expenditure ReviewThe Government's Plan for Economic
 and Social Development (PESD) 2012-2015 outlines an
 ambitious public expenditure program to foster sustainable
 inclusive growth and to improve public service delivery. The
 2012 Public Expenditure Review (PER) is the first in a
 planned series of annual PERs (APERs). The objective of
 APERs is to provide decision makers in the Nigerien
 government, domestic stakeholders, as well as Niger's
 development partners with regular information and analysis
 on budgetary developments. The APER process aims to meet
 information requirements of interested stakeholders while
 minimizing the transaction cost for government. In the
 absence of a regularly published APER, the authorities are
 confronted with frequent and often duplicative requests for
 information, which claim significant staff time in an
 already very capacity constrained public sector environment.
 It is envisaged that a "one assessment - one
 process" approach will help to reduce transaction costs
 for government while meeting information requirements of
 interested stakeholders. The APERs will consist of three
 main parts. The first part will monitor public expenditure
 performance and the implementation of public financial
 management reforms. The second part will focus on sectoral
 public expenditure issues, and the third part will analyze
 selected public expenditure issues in detail. In the context
 of the annual PER process, every second year a public
 expenditure and financial accountability (PEFA) will be
 carried out. Public expenditure management reform action
 plan has been adopted in 2012 and provides a road map for
 reforms and helps coordinate donor support in this area. The
 Bank is supporting the strengthening of public financial
 management systems through a technical assistance grant.
 This PER covers the following topics: introduction in the
 first chapter. The review's macroeconomic context in
 the second chapter, an assessment of public expenditure
 trends and composition in the third chapter, and a review of
 the volume, modalities, and allocation of official
 development assistance in the fourth chapter. Public
 expenditure developments in the health, education, and rural
 development sectors are reviewed in the fifth, sixth, and
 seventh chapters, respectively. At the end, chapter eight
 focuses on strengthening Niger's public expenditure
 review process.
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Niger : Second Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review, Volume 1. Main ReportThe second public expenditure management and financial accountability review (PEMFAR II) report provides analysis of the fiscal space outlook, a review of public expenditure management, including of the public investment management system, and assessments of the public financial management and public procurement systems. The review covers the period since the 2004 PEMFAR until 2009 and the detailed analysis of public expenditures focuses on three key sectors (education, health and rural development) which represented about 52 percent of the voted budget in 2007 and 2008 and are the pillars of Niger's second poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP II). The PEMFAR II a comprehensive short and medium term (2010-2012) reform agenda which will assist the Government to prepare and adopt an action plan to improve the effectiveness of public resources management in Niger. This report constitutes the main report (volume one) of the PEMFAR II. Volume two of the PEMFAR II provides the detailed report of the evaluation of the public procurement system. The summary, after the above overview, reflects the underlying themes that emerge from the assessments of fiscal space outlook, public expenditures including public investment management, the public financial system, and the public procurement system. At the end, the summary a set of targeted priority actions aimed at improving the developmental impact of public expenditures.