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Social Protection in BalochistanIslamabad, PakistanSustainable Development Policy Institute, 2015-09-10
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Improving the World Bank's Development Effectiveness : What Does Evaluation Show?The pace of change in the overall performance of the developing world has not altered markedly over the past 20 years. The number of people living in extreme poverty declined from 1.5 billion in 1980 (40 percent of population), to 1.2 billion in 1990 (28 percent of population), to 1.1 billion in 2001 (21 percent of population). Growth per capita has followed much the same profile. In the 1980s, only about two-thirds of developing countries showed positive per capita income growth, and this percentage remains unchanged. Life expectancy and literacy indicators show overall improvements, but some regions show worrisome trends. There has been slow and steady progress in overall development outcomes during the period, but the speed and scale of change remain static. These averages, of course, mask huge differences across regions, with very worrisome increases in poverty and continued low growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Bank has transformed itself significantly in the past 10 years, and should be ready for further adjustments to current climate of rapid change. Greater selectivity, more flexibility, and improved efficiency within its chosen areas of intervention are needed going forward if a global institution such as the Bank is to remain useful and relevant and show concrete results in a fast-changing world.
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Analysis of Recipient Executed Trust FundsIn recent years, bilateral aid channeled
 through multilateral organizations like the World Bank has
 become an important vehicle for concessional finance for
 development. At the end of FY09, the World Bank held US$23.9
 billion in trust, an amount that has doubled since FY05.
 While much of the growth reflects the increase in large
 Financial Intermediary Funds (FIFs), there has also been a
 rapid increase in Recipient Executed Trust Funds (RETFs).
 This paper aims to inform internal Bank audiences and
 stimulate discussion on some selected issues - primarily the
 growing importance of RETFs as a source of finance and
 relevance to Bank's country level operations. The
 report also examines briefly the link between RETF
 allocations and country performance. The report finds that
 disbursements of RETFs grew by twenty percent over
 FY03-FY09. Over this period the trends in regional
 disbursement shares shifted away from East Asia and Pacific
 and South Asia Regions to Africa Region. Recipient country
 concentration is evident: fifty percent of the disbursements
 have been from six countries - Afghanistan, West Bank and
 Gaza, Ethiopia, Vietnam, Indonesia and China. RETF
 disbursements, as a share of the combined International Bank
 for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International
 Development Association (IDA), and RETF, grew from five
 percent in FY03 to twelve percent in FY08, while that of
 IBRD and IDA fluctuated. The bulk of the disbursements from
 RETF grants were from IDA eligible countries. RETFs appear
 to have substituted for IDA in fragile and conflict affected
 states. Disbursements from RETF grants and IDA credits were
 broadly aligned by sector. There may be some correlation
 between RETF grants allocation and country performance but
 the results are not conclusive. The report identifies some
 areas for further examination: whether RETFs should
 complement or substitute for Bank operations in specific
 cases; and whether RETF allocations should be made on the
 basis of some need or performance based country priorities,
 outcomes and results.