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Transport Governance Indicators in Sub-Saharan AfricaGood governance-or the absence of it-has concerned policy makers and other stakeholders in the transport sector for decades. Most stakeholders recognize that effective governance is crucial if improvements in transport infrastructure are to endure and contribute to sustainable economic growth. In Africa, billions of dollars have been spent on improving and rehabilitating transport infrastructure, but it has been long recognized that the poor performance of the transport sector is due to far more than merely inadequate finance or technical capacity constraints. Poor governance occurs at many levels of the policy cycle-from the ways in which legislation is drafted and regulations, systems, and procedures are worded and applied in practice, to how services are eventually delivered to the users of transport and whether their expectations are met. This paper sets out to identify a critical subset of governance indicators in the transport sector that can be used to demonstrate in a clear, measurable way the quality of governance in a particular country, sector, or subsector. By means of consultation with key transport sector stakeholders, it examines transport sector governance issues in four pilot countries in order to determine whether there is a consensus on what transport sector governance means in practice; why it matters; how it can be measured; and in what priority ways improvements in governance might make a real difference in the sector and its contribution to national development. At its core, the study attempts to reduce the indicator set to what is at the heart of the governance matter.
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Road Asset Governance Filter : Case Study of Kazakhstan and ArmeniaBuilding upon the transport governance filter developed by the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) transport team, which identified several thematic principles and actionable indicators on the governance of the transport sector at large, this paper seeks to assess the overall governance performance of the road sector as well as the concrete issues that road administrations should address in order to improve sector governance. A pilot survey was conducted in Armenia and Kazakhstan, in which road sector stakeholders were asked to evaluate more than seventy questions structured along four governance dimensions: (i) transparency, disclosure and accountability of the road agency; (ii) transparent and accessible procurement processes; (iii) financial management system; and (iv) administrative procedures and anticorruption effort. This report starts with an overview of the existing approaches to governance and corruption with a particular focus on the road sector. It then outlines the methodological framework developed under the study to assess the governance challenges facing the road sector, and report the governance challenges in Armenia and Kazakhstan using the methodology developed. The report will conclude with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the methodological approach used and concrete suggestions to strengthen governance in the road sector of Armenia and Kazakhstan.
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Setting Standards for Communication and Governance : The Example of Infrastructure ProjectsThis paper outlines a number of practical initiatives to strengthen the role of development communication in infrastructure projects. The authors aim to facilitate better quality projects and to build consensus on the type of governance reforms needed to fight corruption, drawing on the experience of development agencies like the World Bank and Transparency International, the leading anticorruption NGO. The paper starts by characterizing corruption vulnerabilities in infrastructure and proceeds to illustrate where communication has added value on a number of recent projects, both in respect to making the projects more sustainable and by incorporating anti-corruption measures into the project preparation and implementation phases. It draws on examples of mainly World Bank supported projects from the road, transport, power and water sectors in different governance contexts. Part of the intellectual challenge in mainstreaming development communication in the case of infrastructure is to bridge the infrastructure and communication paradigms. Finally, the paper suggests that today, from the perspective of the infrastructure practitioner and the development practitioner in general, development communication is at the same crossroads as environmentally sustainable development was in the early 1990's-but in a new context and perhaps with more urgent drivers for mainstreaming.