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China Xinjiang Province Workforce Development : SABER Country Report 2014This report presents the findings of the assessment of the workforce development (WfD) system of Xinjiang Province, China, conducted based on the World Bank s Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) WfD analytical framework and tool. The focus is on policies, institutions, and practices in three important functional dimensions of policymaking and implementation strategic framework, system oversight and service delivery.
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Education, Training and Labor Market Outcomes for Youth in IndonesiaThis report is part of the Analytical
 and Advisory Activities (AAA) program focusing on the
 engagement area of 'skills development,
 competitiveness, and knowledge economy' and is based on
 several background papers and technical notes written on the
 characteristics of youth employment and the role of
 education and skills in the school-to-work transition in
 Indonesia. The slow transition of graduates is explored in
 detail in section two, which pays special attention to
 differences by education levels. It highlights the
 difficulties of senior secondary school graduates in
 accessing good quality jobs and the high unemployment rate
 that they face upon graduation. Given these worrisome signs
 of young senior secondary school graduates (considered the
 lower tier of 'skilled' workers) and expected
 increases in the transition to senior secondary education
 (which are already rising rapidly), section three focuses on
 the senior secondary school level. Seeking to shed some
 light on the question of whether senior secondary education
 is providing the right skills for its students, the section
 explores the employment profile of vocational (SMK) vs.
 general (SMA) graduates and, drawing on a recent survey of
 employers, argues against a drastic increase in the
 proportion of vocational students, highlighting instead the
 need to adjust the skill base of senior secondary school
 graduates. Based on the findings, section four explores ways
 to meet the demand for skills through changes in senior
 secondary school, strengthening of the non-formal training
 system and providing targeted entrepreneurship programs.
 Finally, section five provides some overall recommendations
 going forward.
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Raising Botswana's Human Resource Profile to Facilitate Economic Diversification and GrowthBotswanaapos;s economic growth has hinged on its abundant natural resources, particularly diamonds, which generate nearly half of its fiscal revenues. In terms of sustainable growth, this dependency on natural resources poses the biggest challenge for the country. To prepare Botswana for life after diamonds, the government developed a growth paradigm in its vision 2016 strategy document (Presidential Task Group 1997), which suggests that the development of new economy skills will play an extremely important role in the country s future. Botswana is aiming to develop new engines of growth, supplementing the diamond industry with manufacturing, financial, and transport services, and transforming the country s entrepreneurship sector into a buoyant, productive, and innovative private sector led by entrepreneurs with cutting-edge skills. A key ingredient of this strategy is the development of a holistic approach to skills development. Botswana has achieved high enrollment in basic education (90 percent in primary education) and the government continues to invest a high share of gross domestic GDP, almost 8 percent, in the education sector. In 2010 11, expenditures on education amounted to 25 percent of total government expenditures. Nevertheless, a skills constraint is repeatedly cited as a major challenge for businesses in the country. In 2010, the Enterprise Survey for Botswana reported that of the 10 major business constraints, the majority of firms in the country reported skills shortage as the key problem (World Bank, 2010a). The country also has high unemployment rates reported at approximately 17.8 percent and approximately 27 percent, when discouraged jobseekers are included (CSO, 2011). This note reviews the current landscape of the education sector in Botswana and attempts to identify key bottlenecks in the supply of relevant skills for economic diversification. Recommendations for preparing students who can be readily integrated into the labor market are then offered, using examples of best practices from successful case studies.