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Revisiting the Constraints to Pakistan's Growth

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Author(s)
Touqeer, Irum
Lopez-Calix, Jos??
Keywords
DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES
INVESTMENT RATE
TAX SYSTEM
JOB CREATION
RULE OF LAW
MACROECONOMIC RISKS
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
EXPORT GROWTH
EXCHANGE RATE
PROPERTY RIGHTS
COLLATERAL
INVESTMENT RATES
BANK FINANCING
COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
DEPOSIT
CREDIT HISTORIES
REGULATORY BARRIERS
REMITTANCE
TERMS OF LOANS
STATE BANK
FARMERS
RETURN
GOVERNMENT REVENUES
FINANCIAL EXCLUSION
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
COORDINATION FAILURES
CAPITAL MARKET REGULATIONS
LAND TITLES
COUNTRY RISKS
PERSONAL LENDING
RESERVE
PERSONAL SAVINGS
GENDER ISSUES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
OPPORTUNITY COST
EXPENDITURES
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
CREDIT AVAILABILITY
PREJUDICE
EMERGING MARKETS
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
GOVERNANCE ISSUES
ACCESS TO FINANCE
BORROWINGS
RATE OF RETURNS
MARKET FAILURES
DIVERSIFICATION
INCOME TAX
LOAN
EXPENDITURE
CURRENCY
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS
FIXED INVESTMENT
CAPITAL FORMATION
CAPITAL MARKET
AVAILABILITY OF FINANCE
COMMERCIAL BANKS
NATIONAL SAVINGS
POLITICAL STABILITY
ECONOMIC GROWTH
RETURNS
FINANCIAL NEEDS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
FINANCIAL MARKETS
MARKET PRICE
EARNINGS
TAX RATE
INTEREST RATES
FINANCIAL ILLITERACY
BUDGETING
RATE OF RETURN
CREDIT RISK
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT CLIMATE
INSURANCE
COUNTRY RISK
CASH PAYMENTS
RESERVES
LOW INTEREST RATES
REAL INTEREST
TRANSPARENCY
REAL INTEREST RATES
EXCHANGE RATES
TRANSITION ECONOMIES
NATIONAL INVESTMENT
SUPPLY OF CREDIT
FISCAL DEFICITS
RISK OF EXPROPRIATION
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BINDING CONSTRAINT
MOBILE PHONE
MONETARY POLICY
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
PERSONAL INCOME
AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT
MONETARY FUND
TRANSACTION
UNEMPLOYMENT
CENTRAL BANK
MONEY TRANSFERS
BASIS POINTS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCES
REMITTANCE SERVICES
DEMAND FOR CREDIT
CAPITAL FLOWS
LABOR MARKET
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
HOUSEHOLDS
MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
TAX
INFLATION
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
SMALL BUSINESSES
CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
HOLDING
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
COMPLIANCE COST
TAX RATES
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES
PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT
LOAN SIZES
INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT PROJECTS
FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
FINANCING COSTS
TRANSACTION COSTS
EXPORTERS
BALANCE OF PAYMENT
INCOME LEVELS
MONEYLENDERS
GOVERNMENT BONDS
PHYSICAL CAPITAL
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
SAVINGS RATE
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
GENDER
MARKET STRUCTURE
PUBLIC SPENDING
PRICE STABILITY
COMMERCIAL BANK LOANS
ECONOMIC AGENTS
TRADING
REAL EXCHANGE RATE
FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
NATIONAL SAVING
NATURAL DISASTERS
FINANCIAL MARKET
CORRUPTION
EXPORT SHARES
CURRENT ACCOUNT
BOND
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
SOLVENCY
INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
DOMESTIC CREDIT
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANK LENDING
PUBLIC DEBT
INTERNAL FUNDS
DEPOSITS
PORTFOLIO
INCOME LEVEL
COLLATERAL LAWS
HUMAN RESOURCES
INFORMATIONAL ASYMMETRIES
PRIVATE ENTERPRISES
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
HUMAN CAPITAL
RATES OF RETURN
FINANCIAL DEPTH
MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
PUBLIC POLICY
FISCAL DEFICIT
SOVEREIGN BOND
TRADE REGIME
HIGH INTEREST RATES
ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY
CREDIT CONSTRAINTS
PURCHASING POWER
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
TRADE LIBERALIZATION
BOND INDEX
FOREIGN FUNDS
WOMEN BORROWERS
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
ENTREPRENEURS
EXPORT SHARE
CORPORATE DEBT
INVESTING
IMPORT COSTS
OIL PRICE
BORROWING
CREDIT MARKET
MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
FINANCIAL OUTREACH
EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS
STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS
ACCESS TO CREDIT
LABOR MARKETS
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH
ACCOUNTING
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
OPERATING COSTS
EMERGING ECONOMIES
MICROFINANCE
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
REMITTANCES
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/97831
Online Access
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17858
Abstract
This paper revisits the identification of the binding constraints to investment and growth in Pakistan by rigorously applying the growth diagnostic framework. It has a central finding: Pakistan's economy faces two major groups of constraints emerging and structural. The emerging constraints include infrastructure (energy) deficit, high macro-fiscal risks, and inadequate international financing (high country risks and low FDI inflows). The structural binding constraints that persistently affect prospects of sustainable growth in Pakistan are low access to domestic finance, high anti-export bias, bad taxation system, micro risks (bad governance, excess business regulations, and poor civil service) and slow productive diversification.
Date
2013-06
Identifier
oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/17858
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17858
Copyright/License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
Collections
Corruption and Transparency Collection
Gender and Theology

entitlement

 

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