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Republic of Mozambique : Evaluation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Process and Arrangements Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth FacilityThe International Monetary Fund (IMF)
 and the World Bank introduced the Poverty Reduction Strategy
 Paper (PRSP) process in 1999 to strengthen the poverty
 alleviation focus of their assistance to low-income
 countries. At the IMF, the introduction of the PRSP was
 accompanied by the transformation of the Enhanced Structural
 Adjustment Facility (ESAF), the concessional lending window,
 into the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF), with
 a view to giving a more central role to poverty reduction
 and pro-poor growth considerations in the design of
 IMF-supported programs in low-income countries. The rest of
 the report is organized as follows. Part two provides
 background information on poverty incidence in Mozambique,
 as well as on political and economic developments since the
 early 1990s. The relevance of the PRSP approach to
 Mozambique s situation, application of the underlying
 principles, and preliminary evidence on results, are
 examined in part three. The effectiveness of IMF assistance,
 including alignment of the PRGF and technical assistance to
 PRSP objectives is assessed in part four. Part five
 considers the effectiveness of World Bank support, also
 including alignment of that support to the objectives of the
 PRSP approach. Part six reviews IMF-World Bank collaboration
 in relation to the PRSP process, and part seven presents the
 main conclusions and lessons.
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Global Stock-Take of Social Accountability Initiatives for Budget Transparency and Monitoring : Key Challenges and Lessons LearnedBudgets are key documents that lay out a government's economic priorities in terms of policies and programs. Budget transparency refers to the extent and ease with which citizens can access information about and provide feedback on government revenues, allocations, and expenditures. Budget monitoring entails using such information to analyze, critique, and track government finances in order to provide this feedback. Budget transparency is a prerequisite for public participation and accountability, which are instrumental for a democratic and legitimate budget process. Both budget transparency and monitoring efforts also help remove institutional bottlenecks that result in delayed budget allocations, thereby jeopardizing the delivery of vital services to people. Even though they have a far-reaching impact on the lives of people, opening up budgets beyond the exclusive domain of policy makers and administrators is a relatively recent phenomenon that has gained momentum in the last two decades. The stock taking exercise illustrates the range of mechanisms involved in Budget Transparency and Monitoring (BT&M) in different contexts and demonstrates significant promise of influencing governance processes and outcomes. Finally, there is a dearth of literature on initiatives that have not achieved their goals, which would allow lessons to be drawn from these failures. There are incentives to document successes rather than failures, but there is value in documenting failures because this allows for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities that may be useful to consider when designing future BT&M interventions.
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Republic of Tajikistan : Evaluation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Process and Arrangements Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth FacilityThe International Monetary Fund (IMF)
 and the World Bank introduced the Poverty Reduction Strategy
 Paper (PRSP) process in 1999 to strengthen the poverty
 alleviation focus of their assistance to low-income
 countries. This report reviews Tajikistan s experience with
 the PRSP process, focusing on the effectiveness of IMF and
 World Bank support to the process and the extent to which
 the two institutions lending and non-lending activities in
 the country are aligned to the objectives of the PRSP
 approach. The rest of the report is organized as follows.
 Part two provides brief background accounts of political and
 economic developments since independence in 1991, including
 poverty incidence in the late 1990s. The relevance of the
 PRSP approach, application of the underlying principles, and
 preliminary evidence on results, are examined in part three.
 Part four considers the effectiveness of World Bank support,
 including alignment of that support to the objectives of the
 PRSP approach. The effectiveness of IMF support, including
 alignment of programs supported under the Poverty Reduction
 and Growth Facility (PRGF) and its predecessor, the Enhanced
 Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF), to PRSP objectives,
 is assessed in part five. Part six reviews IMF-World Bank
 collaboration, include the Joint Staff Assessments (JSA) of
 the PRSP and of collaboration on country operations. Part
 seven presents main conclusions and lessons.